Who lived in Garfield in 1903?

The 1903 Commonwealth Electoral Rolls are listed by Polling Place and the Bunyip Polling Place covers Garfield, Bunyip and Tynong. What the list tells you is the name of the person enrolled and their occupation. I have extracted the Garfield information from this roll (which is available on Ancestry database) and there were 174 people enrolled with Garfield as their address of which 76 are women and 98 are men. You had to be 21 to enrol at that time. So, who did live in Garfield in 1903?

As you would expect, most of the men were engaged in farming activities - there were 48 farmers. Some of these farming families are now remembered in the names of local roads such as Brownbill, Campbell, Archer and Brew. According to the Shire of Berwick Rate Books the farms ranged in size from 15 acres to over 400 acres with John Lamble having 454 acres and William Shreeve 434 acres. Other occupations listed included two farm hands, four orchardists - William Ellis, John James, Robert Weir Smith (Junior) and William Weir Smith. Albert and George Marshall are listed as being a Station Manager and a Grazier. The Shire of Berwick Rate Books show the Marshalls owned 318 acres which doesn’t seem large enough to qualify as a Station.

The female pupils at Garfield State School, c. 1900-1910.

State Library of Victoria Image H2008.13/15

The occupations also give us some idea of the commercial structure of Garfield in 1903. There were three bakers - George Bird, Thomas Farrington and Charles Magnus; two blacksmiths - George Park and William Ritchie; two butchers - Charles Routley and William Walker. Charles Lobb is listed as a draper, George Archer, Russell Perl and Alfred Wild are storekeepers and William Campbell is listed as a grocers assistant. George and Thomas Ellis were produce merchants, Charles Regester was a driver; Joseph Rutledge was a saddler, Phillip Knight was an agent and James Towt was a contractor.

Advertisement for George and Thomas Ellis, Produce Merchants

South Bourke & Mornington Journal August 12, 1903 

http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article66140604

Reflecting the growth in the area at the time there was one builder, Robert Weir Smith (Senior) and three carpenters – Ingebert Gunnulson, Samuel Harvey and Phillip Leeson. Joseph Jefferson is listed as a brick maker and John Jefferson as a wood merchant. To satisfy the grooming needs of Garfield, Percy Malcolm was the hairdresser and John Daly, the school teacher, took care of educational needs.

School teacher, John Daly, was also the Registrar of Births and Deaths in Garfield. 

He was appointed September 1899.

Victoria Government Gazette, September 15, 1899. p. 3537.

https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1899/V/general/75.pdf

There were several unusual occupations – Thomas Chippindall is listed as Crown Lands Bailiff; he was employed by the Department of Lands and Survey. Joseph Walker is described as being of Independent means, William Hewitt was an old age pensioner and David Brunt is described as a maltster, which is a beer maker. There were two railway employees - Robert Brewer and Charles Mason.

Appointment of Thomas Chippindall, and others,  as Crown Lands Bailiff

Victoria Government Gazette, August 30 1902, p 3486. 

https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1902/V/general/98.pdf 

What about the women? Of the 76 women all had home duties listed as their occupation, except for Florence Mason, the wife of Charles, who is listed as the Post Mistress. This all purpose description of "Home Duties" would not reflect the real role women played in helping to run the family farm or business. Elizabeth Williamson, listed on the Roll, owned 299 acres so was a major landowner in the area, but her occupation was still listed as "home duties". 

The first Federal election in Australia took place in March 1901, and was conducted according to the voting legislation in each State. This Parliament enacted the Commonwealth Franchise Act of 1902, which gave the vote to most adults - both males and females - who were British subjects over the age of 21. The first election under this Act took place on Wednesday, December 16, 1903.  We should appreciate the fact that women, including the 76 Garfield women listed on the 1903 roll, were eligible to enrol to vote and stand as candidates. This didn't happen in England until 1918, when women over 30 got the right to vote (women over 21 got the right to vote in 1929). In the United States women couldn't vote until 1920 and there are still countries in the world where women cannot vote. As a matter of interest, women in Victoria could not vote in a State election until 1908, and Victoria was the last State to give them this right – South Australia was 1894, Western Australia 1899, New South Wales 1902, Tasmania 1903 and Queensland 1905.*  

Here is the list of of the 174 people with a Garfield address in the 1903 Electoral Roll

Adamson,  Jessie Home Duties

Ahearn,  Patrick Farmer

Ahearn,  Bridget Home Duties

Alyward,  Margaret Home Duties

Archer,  Joseph Farmer

Archer,  Susan Home Duties

Archer,  George Storekeeper

Aspinall,  Elizabeth Home Duties

Barber,  Joseph Farmer

Barber,  Catherine Home Duties

Bird,  George Baker

Bird,   Grace Home Duties

Body,  John Farmer

Body,  Elizabeth Home Duties

Brew,  Robert Farmer

Brew,  William Arthur Farmer

Brew,  Margaret Home Duties

Brewer,  Janet Allen Home Duties

Brewer,  Margaret Ann Home Duties

Brewer,  Robert Railway employee

Brownbill,  George William Farmer

Brownbill,  Mary Home Duties

Brunt,  Alice Home Duties

Brunt,  David Maltster

Burrows,  James Farmer

Burrows,  Mary Home Duties

Campbell,  William Mortimer Grocers Assistant

Campbell,  Henrietta Home Duties

Campbell,  John Labourer

Cantieni,   Alice Allen Home Duties

Chippindall,  Thomas Edward Crown Lands Bailiff

Daly,  John Joseph School Teacher

Edis,  Frederick Herbert Farmer

Edis,  Annie Home Duties

Edis,  Charles De Linea Farmer

Edmiston,  Annie Home Duties

Ellis,  Helen   Home Duties

Ellis,  Helen Jane Home Duties

Ellis ,  Theresa Ann Home Duties

Ellis,  William Orchardist

Ellis,  George William Produce Merchant

Ellis,  Thomas John Produce Merchant

Farrell,  Patrick Farmer

Farrell,  Julia Home Duties

Farrington,  Thomas Baker

Fentrill,  Samuel Thomas Labourer

Fox,  John Farmer

Fox,  Ellen Home Duties

Gaghin,  Michael Farmer

Gaghin,  Annie Home Duties

Gullick,  John Farmer

Gullick,  Lilian Home Duties

Gunnulson,  Ingebert Carpenter

Gunnulson,  Mary Home Duties

Hardwick,  David Farmer

Hardwick,  Janet Allen Home Duties

Hardwick,  David Oudgtrig Labourer

Hardwick,  John William Labourer

Hardwick,  Robert Watson Labourer

Harvey,  Samuel Francis Carpenter

Harvey,  Laura Home Duties

Heagney,  Thomas Farmer

Heagney,  Elizabeth Home Duties

Hewitt,  Martha Jane Home Duties

Hewitt,  William Old-age Pensioner

Hogan,  John Joseph Farmer

Hourigan,  Henry Arthur Farmer

Hourigan,  Valentine John Farmer

Hourigan,  Catherine Home Duties

Hourigan,  Mary Home Duties

James,  John Orchardist

Jefferson,  Joseph Brick maker

Jefferson,  Marion Ethel Home Duties

Jefferson,  John Henry Wood Merchant

Johnson,  Thomas William Farmer

Johnson,  Matilda Home Duties

Jolley,  Joshua Farmer

Jolley,  Harriet Home Duties

Keppel,  Jeremiah Farmer

Keppel,  Mary Home Duties

Knight,  Philip Sidney Agent

Lamble,  John Farmer

Lamble,   Amelia Jane Home Duties

Leeson,  Phillip Carpenter

Leeson,  Amelia Home Duties

Leeson,  Catherine Home Duties

Lewitzka,  Mary Home Duties

Lobb,  Charles Guerney Draper

Magnus,  Charles Edward Baker

Malcolm,  Percy Hairdresser

Marshall,  George Grazier

Marshall,  Albert Edgar James Station Manager

Mason,  Florence Clara Post Mistress

Mason,  Charles Dexter Railway employee

Mathews,  James Farmer

Mathews,  Elizabeth Home Duties

Maybury,  William Martin Farmer

Maybury,  Louise Olive Home Duties

McLean,  Julia Home Duties

Middenway,  Stephen Cox Farmer

Middenway,  Emma Home Duties

Middenway,  Gerritt Henderick Labourer

Miller,  Luke Farmer

Miller,  Fannie Home Duties

Murphy,  John Farmer

Murphy,  Eleanor Home Duties

Olsson,  John Emil Farmer

Park,  George Blacksmith

Park,  Annie Home Duties

Perl,  Florence Home Duties

Perl,  Russell Alfred Storekeeper

Pettman,  Ellen Home Duties

Pettman,  Frederick Labourer

Pettman,  Isaac William Labourer

Petty ,  William Michael Farmer

Pfau,  Jane Home Duties

Pitt,  Charles Farmer

Pitt,  Lily Home Duties

Quin,  Martin Farmer

Quin,  Ellen Home Duties

Quin,  Julia Home Duties

Regerster,  Charles Lee Driver

Ritchie,  William Blacksmith

Ritchie,  Mary Ann Home Duties

Routley,  Charles Thomas Butcher

Rutledge,  Margaret Home Duties

Rutledge,  Joseph James Saddler

Shipton,  Emma Sophia Home Duties

Shipton,  Jane Home Duties

Shipton,  Thomas Henry Labourer

Shreeve,  James Farmer

Shreeve,  William Farmer

Shreeve,  Alice Sarah Home Duties

Shreeve,  Emma Home Duties

Smith,  Robert Weir Senior Builder

Smith,  Jessie Home Duties

Smith,  Margaret Home Duties

Smith,  Sarah Jane Home Duties

Smith,  Robert Weir Junior Orchardist

Smith,  William Weir Orchardist

Snider,  Henry Carl Farmer

Stevens,  William Farm hand

Storen,  John Farmer

Sullivan, Patrick Labourer

Thompson,  Henry Farmer

Thompson,  Ellen Home Duties

Towt,  James Allett Contractor

Towt,  Edward Arthur Farmer

Towt,  James Farmer

Towt,  Sarah Jane Home Duties

Tully,  Lawrence Farmer

Tully,  Margaret Home Duties

Turner,  Henry Edwin Farmer

Vaughan,  Thomas Farmer

Vaughan,  Caroline Home Duties

Walker,  William Stanley Butcher

Walker,  Charlotte Home Duties

Walker,  Florence Home Duties

Walker,  Joseph Henry Independent means

Watson,  Joseph Farmer

Watson,  Sarah Jane Home Duties

Watts,  Ernest John Farmer

Watts,  Emmie Elizabeth Home Duties

Watts,  Rose Matilda Home Duties

White,  Mary Home Duties

Wild,  Alfred Storekeeper

Williams,  John M. Farm hand

Williams,  Edward Farmer

Williams,  Mary Jane Home Duties

Williamson,  Thomas George Farmer

Williamson,  Elizabeth Home Duties

Willing,  Adolph Christoph Farmer

Wilson,  Edwin Farmer

Wilson,  Sarah Home Duties

To see who lived in Koo Wee Rup in 1903, click here.

*  https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2022/June/Womens_suffrage

Local Cemeteries

The Koo Wee Rup Swamp doesn’t have a cemetery, I presume because it was too wet and swampy, so residents of the Swamp would be buried at Cranbourne, Pakenham, Bunyip or Lang Lang depending on which area of the Swamp they lived. Of course, for those that didn't wish to be buried from April 1905 they could be cremated at The Necropolis at Springvale. As a matter of interest, the first person to be cremated at Springvale was an Edward Davies who had specifically requested this in his will and also that his ashes be scattered to the four winds of heaven (1).  This post presents a short history of the four Cemeteries. 

Cranbourne Cemetery
The earliest cemetery was the Cranbourne Cemetery. The site for the Cemetery was reserved on December 11, 1857 and the following Trustees were appointed at the same time - Alexander Cameron, Patrick Thomson, James Smith Adams, William Sykes and Edward Malloy (2).  

Trustees for the Cranbourne Cemetery

Victoria Government Gazette December 15, 1857, p. 2422   

https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1857/V/general/146.pdf

William and Annabella Lyall are both buried at Cranbourne, they were the owners of Harewood house on the South Gippsland Highway which they built from 1857.  William was a Shire of Cranbourne Councillor, first President of the Mornington Pastoral and Agricultural Society, a founder of the Victorian Agricultural Society, the Zoological Society, the Acclimatisation Society and the Victorian Racing Club.  A report of the content of his Will (it was once quite common for newspapers to report this type of information) says that William Lyall directs that his body be buried in the allotment set apart on his property as a private burying ground and that as little expense as possible be gone to in connection with his funeral (3).  It doesn’t appear that his wishes were adhered to in the matter of the burial as he has a substantial grave at Cranbourne. William died on January 20, 1888 and Annabella on November 15,  1916.  I have written about William Lyall and his business partners, John Bakewell and John Mickle, here. 

Also buried at Cranbourne Cemetery are Charles and Ellen (nee O'Shea)  Rossiter, the source of the name Rossiter Road.  They lived at Hawksdale at Koo Wee Rup from 1873.  Charles was an original Committee member of the Mornington Farmers Society from 1856, a Cranbourne Shire Councillor from 1869 to 1884 and Shire President on four occasions.  Charles and his brother, Thomas, bred horses, amongst their other agricultural pursuits. As he had many children, Charles was interested in having a school established in the area and was one of the local land owners to sign a petition for its establishment. Subsequently, Yallock State School No. 2629 (later called Koo Wee Rup State School) was opened on November 1, 1884 at Bethune's Road. Charles died on February 6, 1895 aged 74 and Ellen died June 3, 1909 aged 73.  I have written about the  Rossiter family and the Hawksdale property, here.

Pakenham Cemetery

The site for the Pakenham Cemetery was reserved on February 13, 1865 (4) and the first trustees were appointed on May 8, 1865 and they were John Startup, Richard Fortune, Michael Bourke, Thomas Mulcahy and George Ritchie  (5).  It is believed that the first burials actually took place in the 1850s, before the official gazetting.

Trustees appointed for the Pakenham Cemetery.

Victoria Government Gazette, May 23, 1865, p. 1158 . https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1865/V/general/55.pdf

The owner of the Royal Hotel at Koo Wee Rup, Denis McNamara, was buried at Pakenham after his death on July 27, 1925. Mr McNamara had started a business in Koo Wee Rup in 1891, then left the area and returned in 1904 when he purchased O’Riordan's store and in 1915 he built the Royal Hotel. His funeral was described as one of the largest in the district, representative of every class and creed (6).  

Charles Wadsley who died on September 12, 1944 at his home Strathallan in Koo Wee Rup is also buried at Pakenham. His obituary notes that Mr Wadsley was a Past Master of the Koo Wee Rup Masonic Lodge, a Shire of Berwick Councillor for eleven years, as well as Shire President and an expert on asparagus growing (7). 

Pakenham Cemetery Trustee, George Ritchies' grave at Pakenham. 

Bunyip Cemetery
The Bunyip Cemetery site was officially reserved on November 22, 1886 (8) and on December 6, 1886 the first Trustees were appointed - William Harry Webb, Lawrence Finch, James Mortimer, Christian Hansen, Peter Gillespie and John Reynolds (9). This cemetery was used by people living on the eastern end of the Koo Wee Rup Swamp such as Cora Lynn and Iona. 

The first official burials did not take place until eight years after the Cemetery was officially gazetted with the first one in March 1894. Of the first 20 burials in the register, 19 were children. This was a result of the high infant mortality rate at the time before vaccinations and antibiotics came into widespread use. Here is a sample of this depressing and sad list: William Barnes aged 6 - cause of death Diphtheria; Ethel Wayneith, 9 months - Marasmus (severe undernourishment); John Peart, 2 months - Marasmus; David Fallon 9 weeks - Maramus; Ann Benham 10 months -Pneumonia; Lily Norton 10 weeks - Whooping cough; William Heuson 4 months - Whooping cough; Denis McIvor 20 days - Meningitis; Mary Anne Mulligan 3 years - Diphtheria.

Trustees appointed for the Bunyip Cemetery

Victoria Government Gazette, December 10, 1886, p. 3604.  

https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1886/V/general/132.pdf

I have written more about the Bunyip Cemetery, here. 

Lang Lang Cemetery

Lang Lang Cemetery site was reserved on December 5, 1887 (10) and the first Trustees appointed December 10, 1889 were Thomas Poole, William Jones, Prosper Henry Victor Le Roux, Joseph Foster, William Norquay, Patrick McGrath, Edmund McGrath and Alexander McMillan (11). 

Christopher Moody, who died November 17, 1920, is buried at Lang Lang. He is the source of the name Moody Street in Koo Wee Rup and Moody's Inlet on Western Port Bay.  In 1890, Mr Moody who owned what was to become the site of the Koo Wee Rup township sub-divided the land between Rossiter Road and the Main Drain and Denham’s Road and the Highway. Very little of the land was sold due to the 1890s depression. The sub-division set out Moody, Gardner (called Koo Wee Rup Street by Moody), Henry (called Christopher Street by Moody) and Salmon Streets.  Christopher Moody was also a Shire of Cranbourne Councillor and donated the land for the Presbyterian Church and the Public Hall in Rossiter Road in Koo Wee Rup. I have written about Christopher Moody, here. 

Trustees appointed for the Lang Lang Cemetery

Victoria Government Gazette, December 13, 1889, p. 4367.  

https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1889/V/general/134.pdf

Lang Lang Cemetery Trustee George Poole's grave at Lang Lang

Footnotes

(1) https://victoriaspast.blogspot.com/2022/02/fawkner-cemetery-postcards.html

(2) Victoria Government Gazette, December 15, 1857, p. 2422    https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1857/V/general/146.pdf

(3) Table Talk, March 23, 1888, see here.

(4) Victoria Government Gazette, February 21, 1865, p. 459.   http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1865/V/general/21.pdf

(5) Victoria Government Gazette, May 23, 1865, p. 1158.

 https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1865/V/general/55.pdf 

(6) The Advocate, August 20, 1925, see here. 

(7) The Argus, September 14, 1944, see here. 

(8) Victoria Government Gazette, November 26, 1886, p. 3283  http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1886/V/general/126.pdf

(9) Victoria Government Gazette, December 10, 1886. p. 3604   https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1886/V/general/132.pdf

(10) Victoria Government Gazette, December 9, 1887, p. 3519. 

http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1887/V/general/118.pdf

(11) Victoria Government Gazette, December 13, 1889, p. 4367.

https://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1889/V/general/134.pdf

Garfield 1971

I came across some old Bunyip & Garfield Express newspapers from the early 1970s and so thought we could take a look at what was happening in the area in 1971 - 45 years ago.

The Longwarry Dance which was held every Saturday was a huge social event. In July, Gaynor Gibson, won the ‘Girl of the night’ in front of 810 people. Gaynor was an 18 year old typist and the daughter of Hilton and Greta Gibson of Vervale. Admission to the dance was 60 cents and there was a bus from Pakenham, with a pick-up at Nar Nar Goon, Tynong, Garfield and Bunyip as well as buses from Warragul, Drouin and Thorpdale which picked up from Trafalgar and Yarragon.  In the November, Doug Parkinson performed at the dance to over 1,000 people.  The bands playing on the night that Gaynor won her title were ‘popular local bands’ Solid State, Purple Haze and Noggins and Batts. It appears that each ‘Girl of the night’ then had to face the judges again in the quarter finals and ultimately the ‘Girl of the Year’ was awarded in December, in 1971 to Marilyn Cross, a 19 year old clerk from Catani.  Marilyn won $50.00 in cash as well as a coloured photograph from Holley Studios in Warragul and ‘a garment’ from Lazanne Fashions also in Warragul.

There were weekly advertisements from Tuttons’ Self Service store at Garfield (Phone Garfield 72) and back then you could buy a large tin of Milo for 48 cents and a large tin of peaches for 32 cents. Each week there was also a big advertisement from Robinson’s SSW Foodmarket, Main Street Pakenham (Phone  Pakenham 5) as well as Permewans at Bunyip (they had two phones - Bunyip 2 or 8)

In July, the Garfield Newsagency was sold by Mr & Mrs McArthur to E.H & P.C  Vardon.  The Newsagency sold Education supplies, books and magazines, cigarettes and tobacco, toys, travel goods, sporting goods, electrical appliances, cycles and accessories.  Also advertising was Gilmore’s Garfield Sport and Cycle Store which sold a huge range of sporting goods and gifts as well as being a Tobacconist and a Hairdresser.

Gilmore's store advertisement

Bunyip and Garfield Express December 9, 1971

In July, the Garfield Progress Association advocated for a Technical School to be built in the town as they said that everyday 100 students catch the train to either Drouin or Warragul to further their education and there were 700 children travelling to secondary schools at this end of the Shire.   A Technical school was never established in Garfield but there was a report in February 1972 about Warragul Technical School going co-ed – there were 610 boys and 10 girls (all the girls specialised in art) The paper reported that the girls had settled into the school ‘in true women’s liberation fashion’ and ‘the order of the day is smart uniforms which contrasts pleasantly to the boys dress’

In November, Dorothy Anne Fashions  ‘presented a showing of colourful gay summer fashions including hot pants, swim wear, slack suits, frocks and nightwear’  The parade was opened by Colin Teese who introduced Mrs Simcocks  ‘who very capably compered the evening’  The models were Leeane Fawkner, Mollie Giblin, Mary O’Hehir, Gaynor Gibson, Debbie Matthews, Joy Tait, Margaret Jacques, June Matthews, Maarke van Donk, Lynne Lewis, Coleen Potter, June Simcocks, Carol Lupton, Penny Cox, Lesley Moyle, Jenny Lee and Denise Payne. Rhonda Cox and Helen Weatherhead ‘styled four models hair in different short and long styles’ while the fashions were being shown. The models for the hair were Corrie Naus, Edna Cox, Denise Payne and Jill Brenchley. The Parade raised $160.00 for the Swimming Pool.

The same issue as the Fashion Parade report had the headline ‘Dedication lacking says Garfield Official.’ Mr Laurie Marsh, Vice President of the West Gippsland Football League said ‘that there was something lacking in the footballer and officials of today.... The task of administration was becoming harder because it was difficult to get the dedication which marked the old players.  It was difficult to get this in these days of fast cars when so many young fellows had so much money in their pockets. It was different from the old days when players were prepared to change in an old fashioned furniture van or the scrub.’ Mr Marsh also said that this lack of dedication was not confined to the players; some umpires were ‘not very fit and not very talented’

Work commenced on the new Garfield Telephone Exchange in November. This was an automatic exchange which would allow subscribers in Garfield, Iona and Tynong to dial direct to Melbourne without going through the Exchange.

The Garfield C.W.A Annual General Meeting was held in November and Mrs H. Marson was elected President; Mrs E. Kavanagh was Secretary; Mrs L. Kellaway was Treasurer and the Vice Presidents were Mrs A. Dick, Mrs L. Kierce and Mrs V. Marsh.

Finally, the Shire of Berwick granted permission to the Garfield Christmas Eve Carnival Committee to block off Main Street, from 8.00pm to 11.00pm, between the Thirteen Mile and the bakery for the Carnival to be held on December 24. There would be the ‘usual attractions’ including hay rides, jinker rides and the arrival of Father Christmas, who would distribute free ice creams and chips.  

Koo-Wee-Rup ANZ / E.S. & A Bank

The ANZ Bank in Rossiter Road is closing down in the next few weeks (May 2015) so this is a look at the early history of the bank in Koo-Wee-Rup. The bank started in the town 110 years ago as the London Bank, in 1920 the London Bank amalgamated with the English, Scottish & Australian Bank (E.S. & A Bank) who in turn amalgamated with the ANZ in 1970.

The Garfield branch of the London Bank was established in 1905 and in August 1905 an Agency had been established at Koo-Wee-Rup and by the next year there were Agencies at Iona and Tynong. The first manager was Clarence Adeney, described in one report as the ‘genial Mr Adeney’ and described by David Mickle as ‘a kind and gentle man’. He retired in early 1920 and was replaced by Mr W. K Patterson.

Above: Article from South Bourke and Mornington Journal, August 16 1905

  

The Lang Lang Guardian reported on September 5 1906 that Mr A. Woodman had accepted a contract from the London Bank to erect a Bank chambers and dwelling at an estimated cost of £600. The construction was to be of oregon and plaster and it was also proposed to use tiles for the roof.  An advertisement in the same paper in the November said the London Bank Agency had been converted into a branch and ‘will be open daily for the transaction of all usual banking business’ – so I believe this would have coincided with the completion of the new building.

The Bank was obviously going well as in October 1912 they purchased the site of their building for a ‘satisfactory price’ according to the South Bourke & Mornington Journal.

In 1919, a ‘Receiving Agency’ was established by the bank at Dalmore - it opened Wednesdays from 10.15am to 1.00pm.

Above: E.S. & A. Bank in  Station Street, Koo-Wee-Rup c. 1940s

Below: The Lang Lang Bank 

In the October of 1919 the Koo-Wee-Rup Sun reported that The contractor for the alterations to the London Bank at Koo-Wee-Rup has the work well in hand and will complete it in a few weeks. It speaks well for Koo-Wee-Rup when the local bank has to enlarge its premises. The extra room will be needed in anticipation for the next record season. The second storey was added at this time and the banking chamber was enlarged, a manager’s office added as well as a room upstairs to be used as residential quarters. A strong room was also constructed and the ‘premises were renovated throughout’.

The works were not completed until the December owing to ‘labour trouble, strikes and railway delays’  The architects were Ballantyne and Hare – who designed houses in Malvern and Toorak and in 1929 Cedric Ballantyne designed  the Regent Theatre in Melbourne.

The Cardinia Shire Heritage Study describes the Bank as an early example of the architectural style known as ‘towards modernism’ and it is one of three former E.S. & A Banks on the Heritage Study. The other ones are the Garfield Bank, which was built in 1925 and the Lang Lang Bank, which was built in 1929.  The Garfield Bank is thought to have been designed by Twentyman & Askew, the same Architects as the Lang Lang bank. 

There was an E.S & A. Agency at Cora Lynn, which was staffed about a morning a week and closed in the early 1960s. 

Garfield Progress Association

This post looks at the activities of the Garfield Progress Association (GPA) and its forerunner, the Garfield Progressive Association, mainly through the correspondence it had with the Berwick Shire. The minutes of the Shire meetings were extensively reported in the South Bourke and Mornington Journal and later the Dandenong Journal. You can find these papers on Trove http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper

The first mention I can find is in 1901 where the Progressive Association was complaining about the state of local roads - a sign of things to come as roads and drains were the usual source of complaints right up to the 1950s. For instance, in September 1901 the Association wanted ‘the scrub on the road from the Station to the State School to be cut as there was no room for traffic’ (this was when the school was located up the hill on Garfield Road) In December of that year the the GPA had written a letter to The Age newspaper asking why the Department of Public Works ‘cannot do its works properly instead of wasting public money’ - a question many people still ask today of  the Government.

In August 1903, the South Bourke and Mornington Journal had a tongue in cheek look at the town of Garfield.  The reporter interviewed an unnamed local who, amongst other things, thought that Garfield was progressing so much and the Railway station was so busy that it needed to have a station master instead of a station mistress. He went on to say that Garfield had a strong political body in the town (the Progressive Association) and that they had lots of trouble with the Iona (Ward) Councillors so they were going to ‘put  a man into council so he will do what they want him to do’.  The local would not be surprised if the GPA was the cause of the agitation to get the Federal site (Canberra) shifted from NSW to Victoria and if it was then Garfield would stand a chance of being chosen!

I can’t find many reports in the 1910s, probably because the community was pre-occupied with the war effort, but it appears that by the mid 1920s the Association was up and running again and they were obviously convinced that Canberra would remain as the Federal Capital and not be shifted to Garfield so they were back complaining to the Council about the state of local roads, especially the North Garfield Road. In February 1928, the GPA was asking for a rubbish tip to be established at Garfield. And later that same year they asked the Council to ‘guarantee’ 15 street lights.

In 1932, the GPA asked the Bills Estate for a trough for Garfield - it was at one stage located outside the hotel. These troughs were funded from a bequest from the will of George Bills, who died in 1927. His will left various bequests and the bulk of his Estate was to be made available by his Executors to Societies for the protection of animals, such as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) and for the construction of horse troughs for the relief of horses or other ‘dumb animals’. These troughs were to be inscribed with the names of George and his wife Annis.

In 1944, the GPA asked for a street light opposite the west railway crossing (sort of where the 13 Mile Road comes into town) and, of course, more road improvements. In 1945, they had turned their attention to parks. The GPA had written to the council asking how their negotiations were going with the Railways regarding the proposed extension of the park facing Main Street. ‘There is keen local interest in the beautification of this town and the additional park area would be an asset in this direction’  They later (July 1945) asked permission to plant two ash trees in front of the Baby Health Centre -  whether that was  a priority for the mothers attending the  Health Centre is another matter as in August 1943 Sister Spence had reported to the Council that ‘we are looking forward to the improvement of the old baby Health Centre at Garfield which at present is a  fine sieve for rain’

In 1946 there were the usual complaints about drains - especially the unsatisfactory drainage on the steep Garfield hill and also a complaint  was made to the Council about ‘the cattle and horses  which are permitted to wander  in streets and roads around Garfield, constituting a constant menace to householder’s gardens and trees’. The Council Ranger was instructed to ‘make a raid’

In April 1947, the GPA made advances to have the Ballarat Starch Company start a factory in Garfield - the factory would obtain starch from potatoes and the establishment of the factory would ‘provide a profitable outlet of unsaleable rejects and rubbishy potatoes’.

In August 1950, the GPA asked the Council to convene a public meeting to consider the erection of a memorial to those who had paid the supreme sacrifice in World War One and Two.  In 1953, the GPA was once again on a political bent when they supported the election of Reg Sykes to the Berwick Council. Reg was described as a ‘young man who served the the RAAF as a member of the Air Crew in the south west Pacific’. He also had a 300 acre property on the Princes Highway at Tynong.  Reg had also owned 540 acres in Tynong North which he sold in 1949 for £4,500 to the Catholic Church for the establishment of township of Maryknoll.

Bunyip Dramatic Society

When my father, Frank Rouse, was young - around 17 to 19 years of age -  in the early 1950s, he was a member of the Repertory Society or Dramatic Society in Bunyip. The Company put on plays at the Bunyip Hall and the Cora Lynn Hall.  The plays were usually two acts long, with an interval. Dad doesn’t remember the names of any of the plays but in one play he played the role of an English gentleman on a train who kept getting off the train at the wrong station and in another he played the role of a Minister of Religion.

The Society had maybe 15 to 20 members who also made the stage sets; Dad built the train for the play which was set on the train. 

His acting career started largely because he had the essential attributes of being young, male, tall and willing. Another member of the Society was Win Reid who taught Dad at Sunday School at Cora Lynn and she organised the Sunday school concerts and also taught elocution and encouraged Dad to join the Repertory Society. It was a short lived acting career which was fun while it lasted and he still remembers the advice he was given which was ‘to speak to the back row, so your voice carries’

Other members of the Society were Hughie Pound who ran the Radio store in Bunyip, where Loretta’s Hairdressing is now located; Colin Flett who had  a general store, with a good range of hardware, where the Bendigo Bank is; Frank Harker who lived on Eleven Mile road at Cora Lynn (all that remains of his house are the two palm trees in the paddock); Don and Pat Whysall – Don was in the Fire Brigade and Pat was a teacher; Betty Storey, who lived on Murray Road, a neighbour of the Rouses; Dad’s oldest sister Nancy; Nelly Dixon (nee Edis) married to Geoff Dixon, who was a builder; Russell and Elizabeth Spence  - remembered as ‘an older couple’ and Arthur Holgate, who was ‘quite old’. Mr Holgate was the local Registrar of Births and Deaths and is remembered in our family because he incorrectly registered the date of my sister Megan’s birth in 1957. He wrote the registration date down as the birth date and we didn’t find out until she had to apply for a birth certificate 20 or so years later.

Denise Nest has a paragraph about the Dramatic Society in her book, The Call of the Bunyip: history of Bunyip, Iona and Tonimbuk 1847 to 1900.  She mentions a few other names apart from the ones Dad remembers - Rex Taylor and members of the Thomas and Roberts families.

The Bunyip Dramatic Society is believed to have been established under the auspices of the Council of Adult Education (CAE) which was formed in 1947 to encourage, inter alia, community activities including the performing arts*. The CAE also held drama summer schools and I came across this report, from The Argus, December 27, 1956 of Arthur Holgate attending that year. He was 72 at the time, so it is no wonder that Dad, who was 50 years younger, remembered him as being 'quite old'. The article is also interesting as it lists the range of occupations of people involved in amateur theatre at the time.

Report of Arthur Holgate attending a CAE Drama Summer school.

The Argus December 27, 1956 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/71773285

* Victorian Drama League website  https://vdl.org.au/from-convicts-to-covid-19-amateur-theatre-in-victoria/

Bunyip and the Koo-Wee-Rup Swamp 1887

This account of the township of Bunyip and the Koo-Wee-Rup Swamp comes from the South Bourke and Mornington Journal of August 3, 1887.  Click here to access this article on Trove

From an occasional Correspondent.

"Vare iz de downsheep" The interrogator was a foreigner, and the person questioned was, Mr. Barrow, the local storekeeper of the "rising" township of  Bunyip. For Bunyip, by the way, is at present only a small hamlet; in fact it is able to do very little more than 'claim to have, a ''local habitation" as well as a name. Nevertheless it has two hotels, well conducted by Messrs. Hanson and Finch. These two hostelries, with Mr. Barrow's general store, amicably uniting themselves pretty well form the township. There are also one or two unpretentious dwelling houses about, and a State School, of which Mrs. Skinner is the tutelary genius, lies back a little out of sight. 

But still Bunyip may be designated as a rising township, for it stands prominently upon a steep "rise" overlooking the great Koo-wee-rup Swamp. To the foreigner's enquiry, "vare iz do downsheep," the interrogated resident replied with a majestic and comprehensive sweep of the hand, which took in the whole of the vast municipal settlement, "it is here." The foreigner looked puzzled and gazed earnestly round the whole sweep of the horizon, and then a bright idea penetrated his befogged intellect. "Oh! over de hill" he said, and was about to rush on thitherward to seek the goal of which he was in quest; but he was intercepted in his intention by the resident, who rejoined-"No; here. This is the township. Circumspice!"  It was calculated to wound the civic patriotism to have thus with minute emphasis pointed out the locality in which one lives, but there is nothing for it but to remit it to the category of "another injustice to poor old Ireland," and Bunyip must bear its trials with what heroic fortitude it can. 

I don't have any photos of Bunyip from 1887, but this is the Gippsland Hotel (Top Pub) and Main Street in 1908.

Photograph from The Call of the Bunyip by Denise Nest. 

It was only the other day that a young lady in a passing train, looking out over the dreary stretch of Koo-wee-rup Swamp with its forest of dead timber, expressed somewhat emphatically, if not euphoniously, the opinion that this was the last place the Creator made, and was left unfinished by Him. But then the day was a gloomy one, and the prospect from the train was not enlivening. Had the critic been able instead to have stood on the summit of the hill on which the township stands, on a bright day and have seen the magnificent view of the Cannibal ranges, and a sweep of mountain scenery right away to the snow-covered Baw Baw; and again, out over the Koo-wee-rup Swamp, the hills and the sea (ships being sometimes even discernable to the naked eye) had this opportunity been afforded to the fair critic, she would doubtless have been less severe in her comments. More than this, had she been gifted with prophetic, not to say poetic, vision she would have had presented to her mind's eye a still more attractive picture, when the now dismal-looking Koo-wee-rup Swamp shall be moved by the industry of the husbandman, and picturesque homestead with beautifully verdant fields shall gladden the eye and heighten the beauty of the even now splendid panorama. 

And this enhancement of the beauties of the locality should not be hidden in the very far distant future, and that some are far-seeing enough to perceive that this is evident from the fact that at a recent sale of Bunyip land lots at the outside boundary of the suburban area realised as much as £6 per acre. During his election tour Dr. L. L. Smith pledged himself to get the reclamation of the Koo-wee-rup Swamp entered upon as one of his first Parliamentary works, but the hon. gentleman substituted a trip to England, and since his return has forgotten to redeem his promise. But the work is one which must inevitably be undertaken before very long, for such a splendid tract of richly fertile country cannot long be allowed to lie waste within so short a distance of the metropolis. Here is a direction, Mr.Editor, in which your pen, so long wielded in advocacy of the interests of this district, might usefully be exercised. Meanwhile Bunyip is dependent for its existence upon the firewood trade. In a small place like this little can be expected in the way of social news. The arrival and departure of mails and trains constitute the excitements of the place.