Friday, October 28, 2022

State Primary Schools called Koo Wee Rup

There have been five State Primary Schools named Koo Wee Rup.

School No. 2629
In 1884, School No. 2629 was built on the corner of Bayles Road and Bethune’s Road. It was originally known as Yallock, but changed its name to Koo Wee Rup in 1903. The school officially opened on November 1, 1884 and the first Head teacher was Eva Hurst with an initial enrolment was 22 pupils. Miss Hurst was replaced by Mary Dodd, who was in turn replaced by Mrs Grace MacKenzie in 1888. There was agitation, from as early as 1891, to have the school location moved closer to the town of Koo Wee Rup, which was growing due partly to the arrival of the railway in 1890.

The school population moved into the Public Hall in Rossiter Road in 1909 and in the September of 1910 classes moved to the original school building, which had been shifted into town to the site where the Secondary College now stands. Mrs MacKenzie left the school in 1911 to take up a new appointment at Moolort. The original school building became redundant when a new building was opened in February 1915 and this old building eventually became the Island Road School. In 1953, the Higher Elementary School was completed. This school included both primary and secondary classes (Forms 1 to 3 or Years 7 to 9). The school became a High School in 1957 and shared the building with the primary school students until November 1960 when the Primary School opened in Moody Street.


 The Koo Wee Rup Higher Elementary School, 1954. 
Photograph taken by Mr H.L. (Len) Anderson, who was Head Teacher 
from May 1953 to September 1956. 
Image courtesy of Ian Anderson.

School No. 3198
On July 7, 1894, the Koo Wee Rup South School, No. 3198, opened at Five Mile, on the corner of Main Drain Road and Five Mile Road. The building was previously located at San Remo School. This school has the distinction of starting its life called Koo Wee Rup South and then having its name changed to Koo Wee Rup North. 


Detail from the Parish Plan of Koo Wee Rup, showing the location of the school on the corner of Main Drain Road and Five Mile Road. There was also land set aside for a Mechanics' Institute, Recreation Reserve and a Church of England.
  Koo Wee Rup, County of Mornington. State Library of Victoria http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/104366

Peter Norris was the first Head Teacher. At one time the school population was over 100 but in July 1954 when the school celebrated its 60th anniversary there were only 20 children enrolled. However, the anniversary celebrations were a great success with over 700 people attending, including three original scholars - W. Gilchrist, W.G. De Vries and Tilly Freeman (nee O’Shea). The school parents voted for the school to close in November 1959 and the children were sent to Pakenham Consolidated School. Five Mile was the last school to join or ‘consolidate’ with the Consolidated School which had officially opened in May 1951. Read more about the Koo Wee Rup North school, here.

Pakenham Consolidated School - In the 1940s and 1950s there was a movement to consolidate small rural schools into one larger school. This was partly a response to a shortage of teachers, due to many male teachers enlisting during the Second World War. The War also caused a shortage of materials and labour and many Schools fell into disrepair. The Education Department decided that Pakenham would be one of the first six Consolidated Schools to be established and that all schools within 8 kilometres or 5 miles would be closed and beyond that, the Schools would have an option.

The Pakenham Consolidated School was officially opened on May 29, 1951, on the site of the Pakenham State School, No.1359, in Main Street. The original Pakenham School had opened on a site near the Toomuc Creek in January 1875 and it moved to the Main Street site in 1891. The Pakenham Gazette of June 8, 1951 reported that on May 29th, four buses conveyed 130 children from surrounding districts to Pakenham Consolidated School. At present there are 258 pupils attending the School, and it is hoped that in September several other schools will be consolidated, raising the attendance to over 400 children.

The first Head Master was Charles Hicks. The School offered classes up to Year 10 (Form 4). The schools that formed the Consolidated School were Pakenham Upper No. 2155 (closed January 1952), Pakenham South No. 3755 (closed September 1951), Toomuc Valley No. 3034 (closed September 1951), Army Road No. 3847 (closed April 1947), Mount Burnett No. 4506 (closed October 1949), Tynong No. 2854 (closed April 1951), Tynong North No.4464 (closed December 1951), Nar Nar Goon North No. 2914 (closed October 1951), Nar Nar Goon South No. 4554 (closed May 1951), Rythdale No. 4231 (closed September 1951), Officedale No. 4242 (closed May 1951), Cora Lynn No. 3502 (closed May 1951) and Koo-Wee-Rup North (Five Mile) No. 3198 (closed November 1959).



Koo Wee Rup North State School, No. 3198.
Image: Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society


School No. 3201

When the Iona School, No. 3201, opened two days after the Five Mile School on July 9, 1894, on the corner of Thirteen Mile Road and Bunyip River Road, it was called Koo Wee Rup North; in 1899 it changed its name to Bunyip South and then in 1905 to Iona. This school closed in December 1993. Read more about the Iona State School, here.

School No. 3456
School No. 3456 was opened on April 1, 1903 in Modella in temporary premises in a room in a private house. At the time the area and the school was known as Koo Wee Rup East. The school moved to its permanent location, on the corner of Longwarry-Koo Wee Rup Road and Bridges Road in January 1904. On February 16, 1905, the school officially changed its name to Modella. The first teacher was Frederick Rumpff and he was there until 1907. There was then a series of short-term appointments including Dorothy Sillett, who was there in 1908. Her report in the Teacher Records file at the Public Records Office, says she was inexperienced, but anxious to do her best. Dorothy was 20 years old and had only been teaching since April 1907. Given that she was the sole teacher at the school, and that she would have been isolated by lack of transport coupled with the low pay of female teachers it is no surprise that her few months at Modella marked the end of her teaching career with the Education Department. The Modella school closed in December 1993.

School No. 3502

In January 1907 the Koo Wee Rup Central School (No. 3502) was built at Cora Lynn. The first Head Teacher was John McGibbon. On July 9, 1907, Mr McGibbon wrote to the Education Department…..on July 1st the Postal authorities granted the residents here a postal service and in compliance with a general request, named the district Cora Lynn. Hence, we should like the school to bear the name likewise. Again, great delay and inconvenience are caused by parcels and letters addressed to Koo Wee Rup Central S.S. first going to Koo Wee Rup S.S., or Koo Wee Rup South or Koo Wee Rup East before finally coming to hand. This annoyance would cease with the change of name. By September of the same year its name was changed to Cora Lynn. This school became part of Pakenham Consolidated School in May 1951.


Cora Lynn State School working bee, 1907.
Image courtesy of Des Dineen
 

Sources
  • From Three to Ninety three: ninety years of education at Modella by Shirley Breese (The School, 1993)
  • On the edge of the swamp: a history of the Iona Primary School No. 3201 1894-1994 by Denise M. Nest (Iona Primary School Back-To-Committee, 1994)
  • Schooling on the Swamp: a history of Primary School No.2629 Koo Wee Rup 1884-2009 by Don Jewell (Koo Wee Rup Primary School, 2009)
  • The tale of the Blackfish: a history of the Koo Wee Rup High School 1957-1977 by Fred Hooper (Koo Wee Rup High School, 1977)
  • Vision and Realisation: a centenary history of State Education in Victoria edited by Les Blake (Education Department of Victoria, 1973)
  • Notes on the history of Cora Lynn State School, compiled by Bryan Sim, Education History Services of the Education Department in 1984.

Sunday, October 9, 2022

Baby Health Care Centres

The Baby Health Care movement began in Victoria in June 1917 when Dr Isabella Younger Ross (1) opened a centre in Richmond, with Sister Muriel Peck (2) as the Sister in charge.  Dr Younger Ross had studied medicine at Melbourne University and Glasgow University. She then worked at the Queen's Hospital for Children in London and this encouraged her interest in child welfare. This interest was reinforced by later study in Chicago.  The child health experts emphasised the importance of teaching women hygiene, nutrition etc with the ultimate aim of lowering the child mortality rates. 

Dr Younger Ross and Sister Peck were  helped in her endeavours by supporters such as Ethel Hemphill and Mrs W. Ramsay (3). Other centres were soon established in the Bouverie Street Clinic in Carlton and City Free Kindergarten in the City and they then spread throughout Victoria. The Victorian Baby Health Centres Association was established in 1918.  

I came across, purely by chance, the digitised reports of the Victorian Baby Health Centres Association from 1918 onwards on the Queen Elizabeth Centre website   http://www.qec.org.au/professionals/corporate-documents

1917-1918 annual report
This is from the inaugural Annual report and shows the progress made in establishing the centres in the first year. It was written by Ethel M. Hemphill.

From the next report lists of the Centres appear along with their opening hours, and later the names of the Nursing Sisters in charge and the names of women on the local committees, so this gives us some indication as to when Centres were opened in each area. 


The Centres and their opening hours from the 1918-1919 annual report

The Shire of Berwick and Shire of Cranbourne were both relatively late in establishing Centres; later than many areas much further from Melbourne.  The first mention of  local towns I could find in the 1935-1936 Annual report (see here) when both Garfield and Bunyip are listed. Garfield was open Fridays 10.30am to 12 noon and 12.30pm to 1.30pm; Bunyip was open Fridays 2.00pm to 4.30pm. I presume that there must have been local agitation to have these Centres opened in what were by no means the biggest towns in the Shire.


Office bearers of the Bunyip and Garfield branches from the 1936-1937 annual report

In 1937-1938 Annual report the Lang Lang and Pakenham have Centres opened. The report has statistics for Pakenham (or Pakenham East as it was called) - 39 individual babies were treated, plus 13 children over 2 with a total visit of 300 babies and 48 children.  

The number of babies attended to at various Centres, including Pakenham, from the 1937-1938 annual report

It wasn't until the 1938-1939 Annual report that the Shire of Cranbourne presented a report - they had Centres at Lang Lang and Pearcedale. The statistics for Lang Lang were 29 individual babies were treated, plus 21 children over 2 with a total visit of 354 babies and 68 children.


The number of babies attended to at various Centres, including Lang Lang 
and Pearcedale from the 1938-1939 annual report.

 The Tynong Centre was operating according to the 1942-1943 report


Tynong Office bearers from the 1943-1944 annual  report

In the 1944-1945 report the Shire of Berwick could present statistics for seven towns - Berwick, Beaconsfield Upper, Bunyip, Garfield, Nar Nar Goon, Pakenham East and Tynong - as Berwick, Beaconsfield Upper and Nar Nar Goon had not been listed before we can assume that these Centres were established  during that time. 



The Shire of Berwick report in the 1944-1945 annual report.

Gembrook and Officer in the Shire of Berwick had Centres established in the 1945-1946 year and the Shire of Cranbourne established a third Centre, in the town of Cranbourne. In that year the Centre in the town of  Cranbourne saw 19 individual babies treated, plus 8 children over 2 with a total visit of 82 babies and 25 children. 


The opening of the Centre at Koo Wee Rup and other towns from the 1946-1947 annual report.

Koo Wee Rup was established in 1946-1947, I don't have an exact date.  It is interesting to look at the statistics for that year for Cranbourne and Koo Wee Rup - they both had about the same number of individual babies treated (40 for Cranbourne and 42 for Koo Wee Rup) and yet Cranbourne's total baby attendance was 586 and Koo Wee Rup's was 276 - so Cranbourne mothers had an average of 14 visits per baby compared to Koo Wee Rup's 6 per baby - it's hard to know why - were Cranbourne babies more sickly or  did more of the mothers live in the town and not on farms and it was easier to attend or did the Infant Welfare Centre Sister encourage more visits?



Cranboure Shire statistics from the 1946-1947 annual  report.

Tooradin was established in 1947-1948 and there were no other  local Centres established up to 1950,  which is where we will finish, but before we do here are the Committees from local towns from the 1949-1950 annual report








The offices bearers of the local  Baby Health Centres from the 1949-1950 annual report.

These reports are a fabulous resource tracing the history of the Infant Welfare Centres in Victoria. They are also a great resource for local and family historians as they include lots of names of the local Committee members, mainly women, so they may help you discover the role your female relatives played in the town where they lived.  You can find the reports at  http://www.qec.org.au/professionals/corporate-documents

Acknowledgement - the information in the first two paragraphs comes from All the little children: the story of Victoria's Baby Health Centres 1917-2017 by Heather Sheard (MCHN Vic Inc., 2017) and this website http://www.qec.org.au/history/history-gallery

Footnotes
(1) Dr Isabella Younger Ross (1887-1956), read her Australian Dictionary of Biography here.
(2) Sister Muriel Peck (1882-1947), read her obituary in The Herald of May 21, 1947, here and a tribute to her in the Gippsland Times of June 5, 1947, here. Sister Peck also visited many country towns on the Better Farming Train and gave valuable advice to many rural mothers. I have written about the Better Farming Train, here. I have also written about her in connection to the Lady Talbot Milk Institute, here. Here obituary form the 1946-1947 report is below. 

The obituary of Sister Peck from the 1946-1947 annual report.


(3) Ethel Hemphill - Ethel Mary Hemphill, nee Scott, married James Johnson Hemphill in 1907 and died in 1939, aged 64. Mrs W. Ramsay, I have no other information about her.

A version of this post, which I wrote and researched, has appeared on my work blog, Casey Cardinia Links to our Past