Monday, September 6, 2021

Bill Parish's History of Garfield 1951 - 1960

The Souvenir booklet for the Back to Garfield celebrations held in June 1962 included a history of Garfield for each decade, written by Bill Parish (1915-1994). This is the chapter from 1941 - 1950.
I have added the footnotes. Heather Arnold

Garfield 1951-1960 by Bill Parish

This period was marked by a wave of prosperity which followed immediately after the effects of war had been obliterated.

Many old properties were cleared and made into farms, particularly in the Garfield North-Tonimbuk area. Many new homes were erected in Garfield at the east and west ends of the main street, and also on the hill in Archer Road and Campbell Street. Television also made its appearance, with the result the picture theatre closed down (1).

Sporting facilities were greatly increased, with new tennis courts, a bowling green and a T.Q. Midget Car race track (2). There were now two cricket clubs, three tennis teams, and three football teams.



Garfield Main Street, 1952

The Cannibal Creek Reserve was developed by a committee of Management with Mr F.C. Cox as president, Mr C. W. Parish as secretary, and Mr G. Fry as Resident Warden. A committee was also formed in Garfield to build a swimming pool (3),  with Mr C.G. Simcocks as its President.

There were many changes amongst the businessmen of the town, and some of these were: Cation & Warren, P.T. Wharington, J. Dunkley, J. Greening, J. Laurie and B.C. Robert (storekeepers); A. Rose, Little, V. Quinton and J. Dunkley (café proprietors); W. Gilmore (hairdresser); L. Marsh and J. Fawkner (butchers); Maud, Umlauft and Badstone (bakers).


Garfield Post Office Staff - Mr & Mrs A.F. Tanner, Miss K. Kitchen and Miss I. Marshall.
Weekly Times June 18, 1952 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article224019417

Doctors were Dr Martin, Dr Laidlaw and Dr Gild (4). Chemists: Messrs Sarah and Taylor. Post Masters: Tanner, Coleman and Jarvis; Bank Managers: Macrae, Marshall and Wallace; Police: Pringle and Smith; Publicans: Smith, Fuller, Bevan and Hurley.

By the end of the decade, inflation had become a problem, but a slight “squeeze” organised by the government had only slight effect on this area.

The Boy Scouts made great progress, with the 1st Garfield Troop reaching the highest possible standard in camping proficiency in Victoria under the leadership of SM F. Cox and ASM J. Marsh. By the end of this period Scout groups were established in all local centres.


Garfield Scout Group
Weekly Times June 18, 1952 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article224019417

The electrification and duplication of the Gippsland railway line (5) gave Garfield a rail service comparable with suburban areas, and electricity was now being supplied to almost every house in the district. 

Roads were improved, and a long term sealing programme was made by the Shire to cope with the ever-increasing road traffic.

So, after 120 years, the district has reached a very high standard of progress and achievement which, let us not forget, has been laid on the cornerstone of foresight provided by our early pioneers.

Footnotes
(1) The Garfield Theatre re-opened at weekends from 1970 to 1971. I have written about the Picture Theatre here https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2014/03/garfield-picture-theatre.html
(2) T.Q. Midget Car Track - see page 15 of the April 2020 Spectator http://www.garfieldspectator.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Garfield-Spectator-April-2020-website-.pdf 
There are also four videos of Midget Car Racing at Garfield on You Tube filmed c. 1959/1960 by Geoff Blackwell and posted by Cee Jones  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHlhxodT484  and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20m0NyX98Rs
(3) The Swimming Pool was officially opened by the Governor, Sir Rohan Delacombe, on Saturday February 11, 1967.

From the Vice Regal Column - notice of the Pool's opening.
The Age, Monday February 13, 1967 from Newspapers.com

(5) Electrification of Railway line - July 21, 1954. Duplication of line between Tynong and Bunyip - August 19, 1956. Source:  https://vicsig.net/infrastructure/location/Garfield  More on the Garfield Railway Station here  http://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2014/05/garfield-railway-station.html


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Sunday, September 5, 2021

Bill Parish's History of Garfield 1941 - 1950

The Souvenir booklet for the Back to Garfield celebrations held in June 1962 included a history of Garfield for each decade, written by Bill Parish (1915-1994). This is the chapter from 1941 - 1950.
I have added the notes about Garfield’s World War Two service people.  Heather Arnold.

Garfield 1941-1950 by Bill Parish

The World War took many young men from the district in this period, and rationing was introduced for most commodities. The fruit industry was controlled by a Board, which gave growers approximately double the pre-war price.   

The Red Cross and Comforts Fund did much valuable work under the presidency of Mr. J Kierce.  


Some Garfield Red Cross Members, 1945
Weekly Times August 22, 1945 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page24110267

After the War, business began to improve, and by the end of the decade, prosperity had put all people firmly on their feet. Many new residents and businessmen came to the district, and the old properties, selected 70 years previously, were developed further. In fact, so much land was cleared that it affected the physical geography of the locality to such a degree that many streams became non-perennial and water catchment and conservation was affected.


Garfield Country Women's Association, 1945  -  Miss A. Doherty, Mesdames L. Chappell,
 F. Rigg, L. Haigh, N. Sturzaker,  C. Simcocks.
Weekly Times August 22, 1945 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page24110267


Townspeople at this stage: A. Mauger, B. Robert, J. Scott, and Cation and Warren (storekeepers); V. Maud (baker); R. Petty, W. Walker, G. Minton, C. Breman, J. Jessop and J. Fawkner (butchers); K. Sarah (chemist); N. O’Halloran and C. Pringle (police); C. Jackson, G. Hosking, W. Johnson and C. Webber (bank managers); C. Chapple and G. Fischer (school teachers); N. Graham (Station master); Doctor Martin; G. Hamm, F. Dean and J. Brenchley (garage proprietors).

The Boy Scout Troop was reformed under the leadership of C. W. Parish, F. C. Cox and F. R. Rigg.


Garfield Progress Association, 1945 - Messrs C.A. Chappell, F.A. Rigg, First Constable N.A. O'Halloran, Messrs H.A. Hourigan, D. Simcocks, C.G. Simcocks, T.K. Sarah.
Weekly Times August 22, 1945 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page24110267


Garfield’s World War Two Service people
The World War Two Nominal Rolls https://nominal-rolls.dva.gov.au/ are divided into three lists - people who were born in a locality; people who lived in a locality at the time of their enlistment and people who enlisted in a locality. The figures for Garfield are - 86 people who were born in Garfield enlisted; 86 people lived in Garfield at the time of their enlistment and 77 people enlisted in Garfield. Of course, some people are in more than one of these categories, but overall, 205 different people who enlisted had a connection to Garfield. 

We won’t look at all these people, but we will look at the nine women who served who had a connection to Garfield. The National Archives of Australia are in the process of digitising all WW2 Service Records. Of the women listed here, only the records of Florence and Bertha Green are digitised and they are both only two pages, so I have limited information about everyone’s service.

Crouch, Doreen Mina (SN 96389). Doreen was born in Garfield on June 6, 1924. She was living in Glenhuntly when she enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force in August 1942 and was discharged in April 1946. Doreen is the daughter of William and Marjory Crouch, they are listed in the Electoral Rolls of 1925 through to 1936 at Garfield, and his occupation was a storekeeper. Doreen married William Henry Walker in 1947. He was a teacher and they lived in the Geelong area. 

Dawes, Dulcie May (SN 174202). Dulcie was born in Garfield on April 11, 1926, the daughter of Alfred and Gertrude (nee North) Dawes. She was living in Springvale when she enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force in May 1944 and was discharged in February 1946. Dulcie married Ernest James McNab in 1946, and sadly was only 47 when she died in 1973. 

Dore, Eileen Greta (SN VF396618). Eileen was born in Garfield on January 6, 1924. She was also living in Garfield when she enlisted in the Army in December 1942 and she was discharged in April 1944. Eileen was the daughter of Patrick and Greta (nee Monaghan) Fawkner; he was the butcher in Garfield. Eileen married Robert James Dore in 1944. I presume she left the Army to get married, so I was surprised that her records are under her married name, not Fawkner, which would have been her name on enlistment.
 
Green, Bertha Alice Amy (SN WR3051) Bertha, born on August 15,1925, enlisted in the Women’s Royal Australian Naval Service in June 1945, and served until July 1946.
Green, Florence May (SN WR/1995) Florence was born on May 6,1920 and enlisted in the Women’s Royal Australian Naval Service in March 1944. She was discharged in June 1946.
Florence and Bertha were both born in Garfield to Daniel and Eliza (nee James) Green. They are listed in the Electoral Rolls of 1912 through to 1931 at Garfield. Daniel’s occupation was a farmer. I have no other information about the two sisters.

Griffin, Elsie Blanche (SN VF346647) Elsie was born in Garfield on April 30, 1921. She enlisted in the Army in February 1942 and was discharged in October 1943. Elsie married Maxwell Henry Griffin in 1943. Elsie is the daughter of William Herbert and Blanche Harriet (nee Moore) Shreeve. They lived on the Eleven Mile Road, at Tynong. As with Eileen Dore, Elsie’s official records are listed under her married name, not Shreeve, the name she would have enlisted under.

Jack, Elizabeth (SN 90028) Born in Garfield on October 28, 1921, Elizabeth enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force in April 1941 and was discharged only a month later in the May. Perhaps she was medically unfit. Her parents, Richard and Ruby Jack are listed in the Electoral Rolls at Garfield from 1921 to 1926; he was a Baker.

Jolley, Ida Lillian (SN VF516239) Ida was born in Garfield on December 5,1924 and she was living in Garfield when she enlisted in the Army in August 1944.  Ruby was discharged in May 1946 and married Geoffrey Charles Gribble in 1948. Ida is the daughter of Alexander and Ruby (nee Johnson) Jolley. 

Lewis, Muriel Anna (SN VFX114955 / V145392) Muriel was born in Korumburra on February 24,1919 to James and Elsie May (nee Cox) Attrill. She was living at Garfield when she enlisted in the Army in November 1942 at Bonegilla. Muriel was discharged in December 1943, and she married Stephen Leslie Lewis the same year. Stephen was also in the Army; he was from New South Wales and they lived there after the War. Muriel is another woman who enlisted under her maiden name, but all her records are in her married name. James and Elsie Atrill had moved to Garfield from Korumburra sometime after 1924. Sadly, their fifth child died at Bunyip in 1929 at only one day old, and then on April 18,1930 James also died. He was 35 years old. Elsie remarried in 1935 to Ernest John Watts and continued to live in Garfield.


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Bill Parish's History of Garfield 1931 - 1940

The Souvenir booklet for the Back to Garfield celebrations held in June 1962 included a history of Garfield for each decade, written by Bill Parish (1915-1994). This is the chapter from 1931-1940.
I have added the footnotes. Heather Arnold.

Garfield 1931-1940 by Bill Parish
This period commenced with the Depression which affected all sections of the community, businesses becoming insolvent and many primary producers losing all their assets and, in some cases, having to take advantage of the Debt Adjustment Scheme. Public works were done for Sustenance or ‘Susso’ as it was then called. This included a number of surveyed but unmade roads. 

There were a great many fires during this period and many shops and public buildings were burned (1). This resulted in new shops, a new football pavilion and new public hall. The 1939 bush fires reached North Garfield, with Messrs Towt Bros being badly burned in Break Neck Gully. A fire patrol, under Lieutenant G.H Limmer had a narrow escape.


The Garfield Public Hall burnt down and was rebuilt in 1937. 
This new hall, pictured, burnt down in 1984.
Image: Berwick Pakenham Historical Society.

Primary producers were barely scraping out an existence. Orchardists, for example, received only 1/6d clear for export apples and before resorting to sales to agents many received debit notes instead of cheques for overseas consignments.

At the end of this decade came World War Two. Many young men volunteered as previous; some paying the supreme penalty. These included I. Leask (2), F. Watts (3), J. Frawley, K. Frawley (4), K. Kileen (5), Poorock (6) and T. Fitzgerald (7). 

The businessmen of this period were: A.C Nutting (8), Pease & Co, E. Cotter and W. Edney (storekeepers); C. Simcocks (newsagent); A. Casey (Iona Hotel); R. Wall and J. Jennings (bakers); Haig & Little, Holloway, Edwards (butchers); Simcocks, Barnes, Harris, Pascoe, Schmutter (cafes etc); Edis (blacksmith); E.C Cox, R. James (builders); S. Howell, A. Wilson (bank managers); O’Brien, E. Cahill, W. Lawson (police); W Waugh and N. Barrett (school teachers)

Largely through the efforts of Mr C. Webber, the Garfield Church of England (9) was built from money raised in the Twenties by Mrs Beswick. Another new building to be erected was the E.S & A Bank in Main Street (10).

Footnotes
(1) Fires – various reports in the newspapers about fires – February 1930:  Mr Pitches’ 2-storey brick shop used as a general store was destroyed by fire; August 1933: Mrs Wild’s four room house burnt; September 1933:  the unoccupied Police Station partially destroyed by fire; October 1933:  Mr M. Kennedy’s 6 room weatherboard house burnt; April 15,1937:  Garfield Hall burnt (it was rebuilt the same year and burnt down again in 1984); January 1939:  James McGrath’s large weatherboard house burnt. I cannot find any information on the Football pavilion.

(2) Leask, Ivan George. Born in Bunyip on September 9, 1919, or so he said. Ivan was actually born in 1921. He enlisted in the Army in June 1940 and was Killed in Action in Papua on August 30,1942 at the age of only 19. He was the son of George and Jessie Leask. His father, George, had served in World War One.

(3) Watts, Francis Thomas. Francis was born October 16,1909 and enlisted in the Army July 1940. He died of illness in Burma on September 26, 1943. Francis was the son of Ernest John and Rose Matilda Watts who lived on Walker’s Road, Garfield. 

(4) Frawley, John William. Born October 1,1917 and enlisted in the Army September 1942. Killed in Action in Papua on January 18, 1943.
Frawley, Kevin Dennis. Born May 12,1920 and enlisted in the Army December 1941. Killed in Action in New Guinea on September 4, 1943.
John and Kevin were the sons of James Patrick and Margaret (nee Bannan) Frawley of the Iona Hotel, Garfield. The Frawley’s had previously been at the Floodgate Hotel in Raglan Street, Port Melbourne. The license of the Floodgate Hotel was transferred in March 1940, so I assume they arrived at the Iona Hotel, around this time. Their other son, James Patrick Frawley, also enlisted. He was born September 23, 1919, enlisted January 1941 and was discharged September 1944.
I have written more about the Frawleys here

(5) Killeen, Kenneth Francis. Kenneth was born October 4,1921 and enlisted in the Navy November 1941. He was Killed in Action on June 1,1942 on Sydney Harbour. Ken served on the H.M.A.S. Kuttabul and was killed when three Japanese midget submarines attacked in Sydney Harbour. Ken was the son of Francis Patrick and Veronica ‘Vera’ Hazel Killeen. They were listed in the Electoral Roll at Bayles in 1931 and at 14 Mile Road, Garfield from around 1935. 

(6) Poorock – Cannot work out who this is. Tried various spellings, different phonetic spellings, looked at the Electoral Rolls but no similar names listed.

(7) Fitzgerald, T. I cannot find a T. Fitzgerald with a local connection or one who is on the Roll of Honour. The Bunyip War Memorial lists a T.R. Fitzpatrick, this may be who Mr Parish is referring to. This was Thomas Ray Fitzpatrick, born March 31,1900 in Morwell. He was living in Clifton Hill when he enlisted in the Army in June 1940, but his next of kin was his brother, James, of Tynong. Thomas died of illness in Thailand on December 25, 1943.

(8) Arthur Charles Nutting - I have written about him here

(9) The Anglican Church, St Mary’s, was opened on March 28,1935 by Archdeacon Weir of Sale. It was demolished in 2010.

(10) The A.N.Z Bank (now Miss Franky’s) opened as an E.S. & A. Bank around 1931. I have written about the Bank, here

Garfield Baby Health Centre
The Garfield and the Bunyip Baby Health Centres opened in 1935 or 1936. They are first listed in the Victorian Baby Health Centres Association Annual Report of 1935/36 Annual report. Garfield was open Fridays 10.30am to 12 noon and 12.30pm to 1.30pm; Bunyip was open Fridays 2.00pm to 4.30pm. In the 1936/37 report the President of the Garfield Centre was Enid Patterson, the wife of the Dr John Patterson and the Secretary was Connie Nutting, whose husband Arthur, owned a store (read more about the Nutting Family, here). You can access the Victorian Baby Health Centres Association Annual Reports here - http://www.qec.org.au/professionals/corporate-documents

Other posts of Bill Parish's History of Garfield - 
1901-1910 https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2021/09/bill-parishs-history-of-garfield-1901.html

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Bill Parish's History of Garfield 1921 - 1930

The Souvenir booklet for the Back to Garfield celebrations held in June 1962 included a history of Garfield for each decade, written by Bill Parish (1915-1994). This is the chapter from 1931 - 1930.
I have added the footnotes. Heather Arnold,

Garfield 1921-1930 by Bill Parish

This period was marked by a boom, during which most of the shopping centre was built and farming properties were improved.

Many local people purchased their first motor cars and trucks. Radio arrived and aerial masts sprouted like the television antennas of today; some of them reaching up to 80 feet. This prosperity would later be marred by the onset of the Depression at the end of the decade.

Horses were becoming rarer and rarer on the roads, with the ever increasing number of motor cars taking their place. The last was seen of the bullock teams and due to the lack of timber, saw milling faded out. 

One of the greatest secondary industries seen in Garfield also ceased production. This was Jefferson’s Brick and Pipe works, which had at its peak employed many men and had its own railway siding (1).


Jefferson's Clay pit at Garfield. 
Image: Settlers and Sawmillers : a history of the West Gippsland Tramways by Mike McCarthy 
(Light Railway Research Society of Australia, 1999)

Those involved in the service to the public at this stage included storekeepers A.V. Tonkin, Pedersen and Tresize, Crouch Brothers, R. Pitchers, Kerr and B. Thompson; bakers Harrington, Jack and Wall Brothers; butchers Walsh, Whitehead and Faukner; plumber F. Marsh; cafe proprietors and fruiterers Little, Trotter, Isherwood, Barnes, Harris and Hannon; Doctor McLeod; blacksmiths Parke, Edis and Hourigan; newsagent W. Wright and W. Maybury; school teacher W. Waugh and police R. Mason and D. Dale.

The Boy Scout Troop was formed in 1926 under E.G. Hill. 

After a very dry season in 1925, the following year saw one of the greatest bushfires ever endured by the district. It swept from Gembrook to Pakenham and Warragul. Not a fence was left and much trouble was experienced with cattle, horses etc (2).

Electric power was supplied firstly by the Picture Theatre. A power plant was built in 1924, and this was used until the advent of the S.E.C. The main S.E.C powerlines passed through North Garfield (3).

Reconstruction of the Princes Highway was commenced at this time, as was work on the State Rivers channel, which supplied water to the townspeople (4).  


Princes Highway  between Garfield and Tynong turn-off: maintenance of granite sand surfacing 1929
Image: Public Records Office of Victoria Country Roads Board VPRS 17684  Image 28_00100

Footnotes
(1) Joseph Jefferson established a sawmill in 1877 on the site of what was to become his clay pit, off Railway Avenue. He sent this timber out via Bunyip Station until a local siding, the Cannibal Creek Siding, was built in 1885 to accommodate the timber tramline which was constructed by William Brisbane, a contractor on behalf of Francis Stewart. This tramline run for about 8 kilometres, to the Two Mile Creek, the Garfield North road basically follows this tramway. Getting back to Joseph Jefferson, his was a very successful business, as well as producing timber products such as fence posts and rails and firewood, he also mined the sand on his property to be used in the building industry in Melbourne and when he discovered clay on his property, he began making clay bricks. The 1880s was a boom time for Victoria and Jefferson could produce over 50,000 bricks per week and fire 75,000 at a time in his kiln. The Depression of the 1890s saw a decline in the building industry which flowed onto his business and the brickworks eventually shut down in 1929.

(2) Bush fire – the fire began at 2.30pm on Thursday, December 31, 1925. It was said to have been caused by campers ‘smoking out rabbits’. The fire was subdued by rain on the Sunday night/Monday morning. It was reported that around 4,000 acres were burnt out.

(3) SEC Power arrived at the end of August 1929, in conjunction with the power supplied to the Tynong Quarry. The Quarry had been established to supply the granite for the Shrine. The tender for the construction of the Shrine was given to Vaughan & Lodge Bros., in June 1928. Their tender was for £153,886. The quarry was established around this time, but it was some months later before power was supplied to the quarry. Read more about this, here, https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2023/02/tynong-short-history.html

(4) A water supply to Garfield was established around September 1930. 

There are two interesting omissions from Bill Parish’s look at Garfield in the 1920s.
Firstly, the Garfield Picture Theatre was opened. It officially opened with a Grand Ball on Monday, December 22, 1924. The theatre was built by Martin O’Donohue. It had a power house at the rear and a 230 volt generator and was thus the first source of electricity in Garfield. One of the first films shown at the Theatre was Where the North Begins, a Rin Tin Tin movie. I have written about the Picture Theatre here
https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2014/03/garfield-picture-theatre.html

Secondly, the Garfield Railway Station burnt down on Thursday, February 21,1924. There was a short report in The Argus of 25/2/1924 - The Garfield railway station was completely destroyed by a fire which occurred about 2 o'clock on Thursday morning. The fire was first noticed by the crew of a goods train who awakened the station master. Owing to no water supply being available, the onlookers were unable to prevent the flames from spreading. A few milk cans were rescued from the goods shed. A number of parcels, including two bicycles and a perambulator, and a quantity of passengers' luggage, were destroyed, in addition to departmental records. The origin of the fire is unknown.

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Bill Parish's History of Garfield 1911 - 1920

The Souvenir booklet for the Back to Garfield celebrations held in June 1962 included a history of Garfield for each decade, written by Bill Parish (1915-1994). This is the chapter from 1911 - 1920.
I have added the footnotes. Heather Arnold

Garfield 1911-1920 by Bill Parish
As this period included the First World War, progress slowed between 1914 and 1919, but despite this, businesses were improved and many local facilities enlarged or altered, including the recreation reserve and the new school. The old school building was moved to Garfield North (1).

With the advent of War many local young men enlisted, many never to return, including W. Leeson, A. Gunnelson, E. Beswick, E. Bullock, G. Gunnelson, A. McDonald, C. Mynard, L. Plant, T. Tower, A. Watson, F. Whiston, T. Whiston and R. Evans (2). 

Towards the end of the War, a Welcome Home Committee was formed with Mr. A. Parish as the secretary and Messrs Waugh, Hunt and Drier as committeemen. Each returned man received a medal of appreciation and welcome. These functions added greatly to the social life of the community, including many concerts and dances.

Towards the end of this decade, primary production began to boom, prices received being far ahead of any previous. Many new businesses came into being, including Barker Reidy Co., which became the present Barker, Green and Parke Pty Ltd. The Garfield Weighbridge Co. was formed with J.W. Barker, G.U. Green, E. Druir, S. Scanlon, and D. Kavanagh as shareholders. (3)

Town businessmen included H. Hourigan and G. Parke (blacksmiths); Clarke, Aspinall and Gardener (bank managers); Daly, Loutit and Waugh (school teachers); Dess, Hunt, Smith, A.V Tonkin, Harcourt (grocers and storekeepers); Stacy and Walsh (butchers); G. Scotland and R. Jack (bakers); J. Beswick and J. Betts (saddlers); Beswick, Lugton (cafes); F. Tripp (dairy); C. Louch (newsagent, on present site) 

Several fires occurred in the business area (Archer’s and Dess’s). During this period, the first motor cars appeared in the town. Those of T. Barker (T Model Ford) and H. Hourigan (Renault). This called for better road formation, including the Garfield road from the creek to the school. This work was done by H. Gee and P. Faukner (snr). 

Footnotes
(1) Cannibal Creek State School, No. 2724, opened 1886 and was located on the Princes Highway, west of North Garfield Road. It was re-named Garfield in 1887. In 1899 the School building was re-located to Garfield Road at the top of the hill, half-way between the Princes Highway and the Railway Station. In 1910 the Garfield School moved to a new building on its present site near the Railway Station. The old building was removed in 1914 to North Garfield where it became State School No.3489. North Garfield School closed in 1973. 

(2) More details on the soldiers who never returned - These men were W. Leeson, A. Gunnelson, E. Beswick, E. Bullock, G. Gunnelson, A. McDonald, C. Mynard, L. Plant, T. Tower, A. Watson, F. Whiston, T. Whiston and R. Evans

Leeson, William Herbert Charles (Service Number 1178) William, enlisted on September 26, 1914, aged 24. His next of kin was his father, Phillip. William was Killed in Action on May 2, 1915 at Gallipoli.  His grandmother, Kathleen Leeson, was the licensee of the Pig & Whistle Hotel on Cannibal Creek.   

Gunnelson, Inglebert Thomas  (SN 3160)
Gunnelson, Percy Oscar  (SN 893)  Inglebert enlisted on September 2, 1916, aged 23 and Percy enlisted August 24, 1914 aged 20.  Inglebert and Percy were the sons of James and Mary (nee Duff) Gunnelson of Garfield. James (sometimes called Inglebert) was born in Norway and was a builder. Sadly, they were both Killed in Action, Percy on May 8, 1915 at Gallipoli and Inglebert on October 4, 1917 in France.  


Thomas Gunnelson (SN3160)
Image: Australian War Memorial.

Beswick, Edwin Ezard  (SN 6725) Edwin enlisted on September 16, 1916. He was 18 years old, was born in England and his next of kin was his father, John, of Garfield.  He made a will on July 26, 1917 and left everything to his mother, Mary Elizabeth Beswick. Edwin died in France of wounds and gas poisoning on October 9, 1917. 

Bullock, Ernest (SN 6291) Ernest was nearly 21 and a farmer when he enlisted on July 7, 1916.  He was born in Murrumbeena and his next of kin was his mother, Mrs Mary Bullock, of Oakleigh. I assume that Ernest was living with his brother Thomas, who did live at Garfield, when he enlisted. Ernest was Killed in Action in France on October 4, 1918. 

McDonald, Allan Walter (SN 2474) Allan enlisted on March 3, 1916 and his next of kin was his wife, Jessie, of Garfield. He was 40 years old and a farmer. Allan Died of Wounds received whist fighting in France, on March 28, 1917

Mynard, Charles  (SN 459) Twenty one year old Charles enlisted on  August 17, 1914 and his next of kin was his father, Thomas Mynard of Garfield. Charles was Killed in Action at Gallipoli on April 25, 1915. 

Plant, Lawrence (SN 1804)  Lawrence was born in Garfield and enlisted at Tynong on  December 30, 1914 at the age of 19.   His next of kin was his father, John.  Lawrence was Killed in Action in France on May 12, 1917. 

Toner, Francis John (SN 5092)  Mr Parish has this soldier’s surname as Tower, but I believe it is Toner.  Francis enlisted at Bunyip on March 3, 1916 at the age of 33. His next of kin was his mother, Catherine Toner of Garfield.  Francis was Killed in Action in France on March 20, 1917. 

Watson, Albert  (SN 3664) Albert was 22 when he enlisted on August 25, 1915. His next of kin was his mother, Mrs Jessie Adamson of Garfield. Albert Died of Wounds, received on active service in Belgium, on March 9, 1918.  

Frederick Whiston (SN 3524)
Image: Australian War Memorial


Julian Whiston (SN 3526)
Image: Australian War Memorial


Whiston, Frederick  (SN 3524) Fred enlisted on August 2, 1915 aged 23. Fred Died of Wounds received in action in France July 21, 1916.   
Whiston, Julian Thomas (SN 3526)  Julian enlisted on August 7, 1915 aged 18. He Died of Wounds received in action in France on March 21, 1918. 
They were the sons of Frederick and Elizabeth (nee Oxenham) whose address was listed as both Garfield and Cora Lynn.  Fred was born in Garfield and Julian was listed as being born at ‘Bunyip Swamp’ on his enlistment paper, but he was actually born at Bunyip South or Iona. 

Mr Parish also lists an R. Evans, I haven’t worked out who that is. I have written about all the World War One soldiers with a connection to Garfield here

(3) Garfield  Weighbridge  was established in 1916


South Bourke and Mornington Journal, October 19, 1916



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Bill Parish’s History of Garfield 1901-1910

The Souvenir booklet for the Back to Garfield celebrations held in June 1962 included a history of Garfield for each decade, written by Bill Parish (1915-1994). This is the chapter from 1901-1910.
I have added the footnotes. Heather Arnold

Garfield 1901-1910 by Bill Parish

Most of the initial work on the Swamp had been completed by this time, and, at the close of the decade, most of the properties had been selected.
The townships continued to grow, with more and more businesses being established. The London Bank was built on the north east corner of Railway Avenue and the Garfield Road (1) and early managers were Messrs Adeney, Hattersley and Clarke.
The Iona Hotel was built (and rebuilt) with W. Ellis and later T. O'Donohue as owners and M. Reidy as manager (2).


Iona Hotel, Main Street, Garfield.
The Hotel opened April 1904, burnt down April 1914, 
and this building, which is the current building, opened 1915.
Image: Berwick Pakenham Historical Society 

The bakery was built on the present theatre site by R. Pearl and rebuilt on its present site by G. Bird, with J. Russell following. The blacksmiths, in order, were: J. McGowan and G. Parke.
The butchers were S. Walker (east of the 14-mile road and where the first local sports meeting was held) and J. Stacy (Garfield Hill).
Storekeepers included Messrs Leithhead in Main Street; G. Archer (Garfield Hill) and Sadderwasser (Railway Avenue).
A newsagency was operated by C. Louch (3) at the Garfield Road and Railway Avenue corner. 
Railway employees at this stage included C. Mason, J. Thompson, E. Goulding and R. McLean (station master) School teachers were Mr Daly and Mrs Thomson.
Selections were still being made in the district by the forebears of the following well- known names: Towt, Brew, Keppel, Gillespie, Jeurs, Negus, Beuhne, Gaghin and Pitt.
Several Boer War veterans took up properties including Mr A. Towt of Garfield North.
Up until this time all means of conveyance was by horse or bullock and wagons and wagonettes were a common sight: buggies, jinkers, bullock teams and horsemen frequented the streets. As traffic increased the roads became worse and in many places corduroys and granite blocks were used to make them passable.
Farming became firmly established and many orchards were planted in the Garfield North area. Many of those no longer exist.
The Garfield Public Hall (4) was built at this time by a number of guarantors and the recreation reserve was instituted.


The original Garfield Hall, opposite the Railway Station.
The Hall opened November 1904, burnt down April 1937, rebuilt, burnt down again February 1984.
Image: Berwick Pakenham Historical Society.

Footnotes
(1) London Bank opened in July 1908. I have written about the Garfield Bank here
https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-es-anz-bank-at-garfield.html
(2) Iona Hotel, Garfield, opened April 1904, burnt down April 1914, current building opened 1915. I have written about the Iona Hotel here 
https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2017/08/iona-hotel-at-garfield.html
(3) Catherine Louch, wife of Albert
(4) Hall opened November 1904, burnt down April 1937, rebuilt, burnt down again February 1984. I have written about the Garfield Hall here  https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2014/06/garfield-public-hall.html

Other posts of Bill Parish's History of Garfield - 
1911-1920 https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2021/09/bill-parishs-history-of-garfield-1911.html
1921-1930 https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2021/09/bill-parishs-history-of-garfield-1921.html
1931-1940 https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2021/09/bill-parishs-history-of-garfield-1931.html
1941-1950 https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2021/09/bill-parishs-history-of-garfield-1941.html
1951-1960 https://kooweerupswamphistory.blogspot.com/2021/09/bill-parishs-history-of-garfield-1951.html
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