Showing posts with label Floods. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Floods. Show all posts

Monday, December 18, 2023

The 1924 Flood

Here are some reports from the newspapers of the  August 1924 flood. We will start with the report from the local paper, the Koo Wee Rup Sun.

From the Koo Wee Rup Sun, Thursday September 4, 1924 p.2
 
Unprecedented Floods. Kooweerup Swamp area inundated. Farmers suffer heavy loss.
The torrential rain which fell on Saturday, Sunday, Monday and Tuesday had the effect of flooding the whole of the Kooweerup Swamp area, and inflicted considerable damage and inconvenience to residents. Old pioneers were unanimous that the present inundation is the worse the district has ever experienced. With the heavy and continuous rains of Monday it was anticipated that the district would have a bad time, as large volumes of water were coming the various drains, and even then many of the low-lying places were flooded. On Tuesday there was no abatement in the rainfall; in fact, it became heavier, and many folk the prepared for the worse and made arrangements to remove belongings out of flood reach. At night Five Mile, Cora Lynn, Cardinia, Dalmore and other localities were practically under water, and the occupants on numerous houses had to wend their way to higher ground or the Kooweerup township.

By Wednesday morning the signs became more ominous, as a number of drains were overflowing. At Kooweerup M’Donalds Drain broke and McGregor’s drain rapidly filled and overflowed, the water rushing with great pace to the township. People living near the drains had to abandon their homes and seek refuge elsewhere. The seriousness of the situation was quickly realized, when large numbers from outlying places came into Kooweerup seeking refuge. Many womenfolk and children caught the train and journeyed to the city, while the men remained to give assistance whenever needed.

The water kept steadily advancing, and early in the morning surrounded the Memorial Hospital. Offers of assistance were quickly made, but the doctor and staff did not accept such until later in the day. Fortunately, there were only several minor cases, and they and the staff were removed to the E.S. and A. Bank, a two-storey building. On Wednesday afternoon several feet of water was in the hospital.

Excitement prevailed in Kooweerup when it was announced that a couple in a house, surrounded by five feet of water, near the Boundary drain refused to leave. The seriousness of the position was pointed out to them, but they remained adamant. It was decided to ask the police to urge them to leave, but they were still obdurate.

Later in the afternoon water was invading most of the business places and many residences and occupiers were kept busy in packing their belongings in a more secure position. A feature of the situation was the splendid spirit of co-operation and help given by the more fortunate residents. They waded in water almost up to their waist, getting women and children to their homes, where all sorts of makeshifts were adopted for the purpose of giving them comfort and lodgings.

Hundreds must have spent a sleepless night, as the water kept rising. As individuals came into the township on horseback, reports of serious losses of crops, cattle, etc., were made, while the damage to the roads and drains will be considerable.

The railway staff exercised caution in regard to the running of trains, employes being kept on the watch, to see that the bridges and lines were kept intact. Consequently trains could not be kept to schedule time. The bridges over various drains were also kept under surveillance by residents.

The mailman to Five Mile reached his destination by vehicle yesterday morning, but had to return on horseback. The mail contractor for the Heath Hill route was unable to reach his destination.At Kooweerup Royal Hotel, Mrs McNamara, wife of the licensee, yesterday morning decided to only take women and children and refused many travelers and men-folk accommodation. Later in the evening the whole of the township was flooded.

A novel feature of the flood was that Mr “Pomp” Colvin rowed a boat right up Station street and as far as Gray’s shop in Rossiter street. The flood reached its zenith about 11p.m., last night, and since that hour the water has been gradually receding. This morning the water is still in a number of shops and houses, and many people are getting about minus boots and socks.


Koo Wee Rup is front page of The Sun News Pictorial. 
Caption: The worst flood in the history of Koo-Wee-Rup has overwhelmed 250 square miles of the surrounding district. Nearly 1000 settlers have been effected, and many families, forced to leave their homes by the rising water, are in a pathetic plight. (1) Taken from the train, this picture shows the flooded area between Dalmore and Koo-Wee-rup. (2) A motor-car on the main road between the two townships. (3) Gray's-store at Dalmore. (4) One of the many homes that have been rendered uninhabitable. (5) The Water Commission’s headquarters at Koo-Wee-rup, surrounded by more water than its officials know what to do with. (6) Deserted and desolate in a mud-colored sea
The Sun News Pictorial, August 28, 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page31190222


The following are reports from The Argus and The Sun News Pictorial

Township Inundated. 100 People Homeless.
Nearly 100 people were driven out of their homes at Koo wee rup as a result of the floods. No accidents were reported, but much damage has been done to property. From the main street, which was reported yesterday afternoon to be covered with water to a depth of several feet, the scene was one of desolation, rows of houses being completely surrounded by water. Here and there fences and trees showed above the water. From information available yesterday, it appears that the township did not suffer so much as the settlers in the surrounding district, where the water rose very quickly early yesterday morning.

Owing to the water entering the Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, the two patients were removed to the English, Scottish, and Australian Bank, and were made comfortable on the top floor. By midday, buildings in the main street were flooded on the ground floors, and business had to be suspended. The occupants were forced to go upstairs, most of the furniture being also removed. A boat was used in the main street to get the people out of their homes. Water was in some of the settler's houses on Tuesday night in the morning it increased alarmingly, and compelled people to find places of safety. Neighbours who had not been affected the floods took in many of the unfortunate settlers and their families and others decided to go to adjacent towns until the waters subsided.

Although definite information is not yet available it is reported that a large amount of stock has been lost in the floods. (The Argus, Thursday, August 28, 1924, see here

Water Still Rising
Koo-wee-rup, Wednesday. - For the first time since the cutting of the boundary drain, 20 years ago, the township of Koo-wee-rup has been flooded. The overflowing of the main drain at Cora Lynn has caused all of the country on the east side to be inundated. Several residents in the low-lying parts have left their homes. Station street and Rossiter's street are one foot deep in flood waters, and the Royal Hotel has been flooded. The Monomeith and Caldermeade plains are covered with the overflow from the Lang Lang River. As the waters are rapidly rising, residents expect that many homes will be vacated this evening. (The Argus, Thursday, August 28, 1924, see here)
 

Cora Lynn in flood; the War Memorial is in the centre and the Hall is on the right.
Caption: Settlers in the Koo-wee-rup irrigation area pay 2/ an acre to the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission for flood protection. A photograph is reproduced showing the flood water rushing through the bank.

Properties Submerged
Garfield, Tuesday. - Further heavy rains have caused a flood on the swamp, in the vicinity of the main drain. On the 14 mile road, the paddocks of Messrs Filer, Golding, and Voll are under water. The water is a foot deep in Mrs McLean's house, and Mr. J. Kavanagh's home is surrounded by water. In spite of the efforts of workers the waters crossed the road and the paddocks of Messrs. O'Leary, Leask, and B. Kavanagh are covered. Mr. O'Leary had 10 acres just planted with potatoes. At Vervale, the water rose over the banks of the main drain, and the properties of Messrs. Henwood, McGrath, and Baker are inundated. The Iona school-ground is under water. The flood swept across the farms of Messrs Lennox, Tyrell, and McManis. On the 13-mile road, the pipes were washed away from a new culvert, and the banks of the new subsidiary drain etc were carried away. In the township the shops of Messrs Khan, 
Hourigan, and Isherwood were flooded. The footpaths had to be cut in several places to turn the water from the road to the township flats. The drain through Mr. Jones's farm could not carry the flood, and portion of Garfield Reserve is submerged. Three inches of rain fell in 24 hours. (The Argus, Thursday, August 28, 1924, see here)


The Sun News Pictorial photo feature of the floods.
Caption: "The Gentle rain from Heaven” that Shakespeare wrote about has been referred to in anything but pious and poetic terms by the unfortunate settlers of Koo-wee-rup, who have been flooded out of house and home. The water showed signs of going down yesterday, and a more optimistic spirit predominated in the little township. 1. Mr. A. C. Colvin, an old-time cyclist, helping a damsel in distress. 2. In difficulties. A family leaning their well-nigh submerged home. 3. The kiddies quite enjoyed their trying experiences. 4. These little girls sailed their rakish craft down the main street. 5. Thirsty souls waiting outside the Royal Hotel for something better than water. 6. Willing hands to the rescue.
The Sun News Pictorial, August 29, 1924 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page31190268


Swamped! Koo-wee-rup. Thousands Lost. Township Isolated.
(Our Special Reporter) Koo-wee-rup, Wednesday,- Flood waters inundated Koo-wee-rup to-day, and made an unromantic Venice of the place, with rowing boats in the main street. Shops and private houses are under water, and the main street has become a swirling stream four feet deep in parts. The whole town is practically cut off from outside communication by seas of water on all sides.

Patients at the local hospital bush nursing centre were hurriedly removed when the water began to rush on the township from the upper reaches of the swamp. Settlers from outlying parts flocked into Koo-wee-rup to-day in drays containing whole families. They got cramped accommodation in the township. In many cases they were forced to leave even this refuge as the water crept ominously up over the doorways. Some of the houses were two feet under.

Had Water in it - Many of the bolder spirits made a last stand in the Royal Hotel, a two-storey brick structure, facing the railway station. But they had to beat a retreat from this fortification when the water swamped in and invaded the whole premises. All the guests spent a damp night in the upstairs rooms.

These floods have given Koo-wee-rup residents a rude shock. With the thousands of pounds spent on drainage schemes they imagined they would be better protected from the flood menace which has been looked upon as a necessary evil, ever since the first settler selected here. The present downpour showed up grievous flaws in the drainage scheme, and settlers flooded out and temporarily homeless, bitterly complain to-night that the State River and Water Supply has let them down badly.

Thousands Lost - Already settlers throughout the 80,000 acres of ordinary fertile Koo-wee-rup swamp land have lost thousands of pounds since Sunday. Many were about to plant potato crops, but will be unable to do so for weeks, and the seed will be ruined. Live stock is also in danger.

Mr. Joseph Lee, of Koo-wee-rup, whose home is on the outskirts of the township between two over-flooded drains had to scramble on to his roof this afternoon and signal for help to rescue his stock. Willing helpers hastened out to his assistance, and tried to persuade him to leave his home. Like other settlers in a similar plight, he refused, saying he himself was in no danger, and had better stay and look after the place. Protecting banks higher up the main drain have been badly weakened by the rush of water, which in some places has completely overflowed them. Once over the embankment the water is free to overrun the low parts of the country for miles.

Crisis at Midnight - Midnight is expected to bring the critical hour. Then residents who have experienced past floods anticipated the water will reach its highest level. Mr Pomp Colvin, a local resident, who in the fishing season runs yachts to Tooradin, enterprisingly brought a dinghy this afternoon into the town, and rescued many marooned families. Later in the day he was called upon to rescue his own family, as the flood water crept unswervingly on.

At Dalmore the full significance of the watery waste is realised. Here miles upon miles of country are under water, and settlers’ homes rise up desolately out of the yellow sea. Water began to trickle through the back door of the Post-office to-night, and the postmistress, who had had a very busy day, was afraid that she might have to leave during night. (The Sun News Pictorial,  Thursday, August 28, 1924, see here


Floods in Koo Wee Rup District - The Weekly Times photo feature.
Caption: 1. Riding in for the Mail. 2. Flooded-out families of Messrs. Nestor and Leydens. 3. Cattle Fording Creek at Yallock. 4. Station Street, Koo-wee-rup. 5. Sole Occupants of Koo-wee-rup Hospital. 6. Rescuing Girls from Top of Cowshed. 7. Motor Being Towed out on Main Road, Damore. 8. At Mr E. Johnson's, Koo-wee-rup. 9. Coming in for Stores. 10. Pellissier Bros, Leaving for the Station with Milk.
The Weekly Times, September 6, 1924 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page23788738


Settlers return to Homes. Position Easier at Koo-Wee-Rup.
Koo-Wee-Rup, Thursday. - Though the Kooweerup township has been submerged in some places to a depth of 3ft., Mr. A. J. Lupson, engineer of the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, considers that had the bank of the main drain burst at Cora Lynn, as has occurred on previous occasions, the situation would have been much more serious. The damage done is slight compared with previous floods, as only a small acreage is, at this time of the year, under cultivation. Business people suffered slight losses, as timely warning of the approaching danger had been given by the continuous rains of Monday and Tuesday. At 11 o'clock on Wednesday night the flood waters which had inundated the township ceased rising. At that hour all the business places were several inches deep in water. By 7 o'clock this morning the water had fallen 8in., and, as the day advanced, a further drop took place. There is, however, a foot of water in the vicinity of Station and Rossiter's street.

The Dalmore district is still inundated, as there is a large volume of water coming down Kardinia Creek. Many farmers will be losers, as several of them had gone in for early plantings. Much damage has been done to roads in the flooded districts but culverts and bridges have stood the strain well. The soldier settlers in the Monomeith and Caldermeade districts continue to have more than a their shire of misfortune. Most of these men are dairy farmers, and the milk supply has appreciably diminished.

Though it was reported at first that a huge amount of stock had been lost, such has not proved to be the case. A gang of men is busily employed effecting repairs where the landslide and wash-away occurred at Yannathan, on the Strezlecki line. (The Argus, Friday, August 29, 1924, see here)

Monday, November 20, 2023

Koo Wee Rup North State School flooded

The Koo Wee Rup North State School, No. 3198, opened on July 7, 1894. It was located on the corner of  Five Mile Road and Main Drain Road.  This School was originally called Koo Wee Rup South and changed its name to Koo Wee Rup North and unofficially called Five Mile School. The school parents voted for the school to close in November 1959 and the children were sent to Pakenham Consolidated School. Five Mile was the last school to join or ‘consolidate’ with the Consolidated School which had officially opened in May 1951. (1)


Koo Wee Rup North, showing school, Mechanics' Institute (Hall) and 
recreation reserve location. This section of Main Drain Road is now called Fechner Road.
Detail from Koo-Wee-Rup, County of Mornington Department of Crown Lands and Survey, 1939.

Here are some accounts of the school being flooded and the ineffectual action of the Education Department to solve this problem.

June 1911 - The water is running through the windows of the Koo-Wee-Rup North State school. The same article also notes - The Keast-hall, a new building at Cora Lynn, which was to have been officially opened last night, has about 3ft. of water in it. (The Argus,  June 14, 1911, see here

June 1911 - The settlers at Kooweerup have ample cause for righteous indignation at the incapacity which the Public Works department has shown in dealing with the drainage of the swamp. Although large sums of money have been spent in making a clear run to the sea for the Bunyip River and Tarago Creek, which cause the periodic floods to which the flats are subject, the outlet provided yet falls far short of requirements. The consequence is severe financial loss, if not ruin, to a deserving body of small holders, many of whom were induced to buy Kooweerup land on the understanding that it was reclaimed.  (The Leader, June 24, 1911, see here)  



Koo Wee Rup North in flood in 1911 - the school in the centre and the Methodist Church, erected 1909 (2), is on the right.


November 1913 -  The 5 Mile school and teacher's residence was flooded on the 14th inst. Although the Government promised a couple of years ago to take steps to prevent a flood, nothing has been done except to take levels and to import a sand-dredge, which I understand is hopelessly bogged in the mud of the Lang Lang river. (South Bourke and Mornington Journal, November 20, 1913, see here

June 1914 - Good progress is being made with the renovating and remodelling of the State School by the contractors, Messrs Parsons and Weller, whose contract price is £530. The school, which is being temporarily conducted in the hall, has an average attendance of 50 scholars, the teacher, Mr Wilson, having two assistants. The school has been removed about three chains from its old site, with the ostensible purpose of raising the elevation on account of floods, but the floor is not an inch above the level of the old school. Mr Keast, M.L.A., referred to this matter when at Five Mile on Friday, and said that if representations were made to to him it was not too late to alter the location of the building. The proposed school will have ample accommodation, which is in painful contrast to the Kooweerup school, where 73 children are housed in a building 34ft x 23ft, with less air space than the regulations of the department provide for.  (Lang Lang Guardian, June 24, 1914, see here

June 1914 - A School below flood level - Good progress is being made with the erection of a new school at Five Mile, the contract price being £530. During the flood in 1911, caused by the overflow of the Kooweerup Canal, there was two feet of water in the school, and a request was made that the floor should be raised above flood level. The new school, however, is being erected on the same site, and the floor elevation is the same as that of the old school. Mr. Keast, M.L.A., is inquiring into the matter.
(The Age, June 27, 1914, see here

July 1914 - The five-mile school and teacher's residence, which was recently removed by the Education department about a couple of chains, has, as was generally expected been flooded by the recent rains and unless the school is raised to the level of the road it will always be liable to be flooded after heavy rain. There are large quantities of sand, brought down by the flood about 3 years ago, lying on both banks of the canal, partly covered with grass and ti-tree, which might be used for filling up the site. (South Bourke and Mornington Journal, July 23, 1914, see here


Koo Wee Rup North School, 1927
Image: Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society

September 1918 - The head teacher of the Five Mile School, Mr Donald, had to get out on Wednesday and wade waist deep, carrying his family to safety. All their furniture, etc., had to be hung up out of the flood fiend's grip. The water was a foot deep in the school, which was closed for the remainder of the week. This building is situated in a position particularly liable to flood, for every freshet in the Five Mile drain causes inconvenience. During the two years of the present teacher's regime he has suffered no less than 23 floodings, a record that must surely reach the limit of exasperation. The structure was removed about 100 yards some time ago, to evade or try to minimise the risk, but without any relief. The Five Mile Hall also suffered a visitation, as usual. A ball was to have been held on Wednesday night, but by that time there was a foot of water inside, and the waters danced the "flood glide" at their own pleasure. The ball was postponed to Tuesday of this week. (Koo Wee Rup Sun, September 11, 1918, see here)


Koo Wee Rup North School Residence, 1927
Image: Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society

The teacher, Mr Donald who suffered the 23 floods, was John Robert Donald, who was born in August 1874 and began his teaching career with the Education Department in 1892. He was appointed to Koo Wee Rup North on January 1, 1916, having previously been at Brookside, near Bright. He was transferred from  Koo Wee Rup North  in April 1919 and in the 1921 Electoral Roll was living at 146 Gatehouse Street, Parkville. John had married Clara Cecilia Powell in 1903, they had three children Robert Stewart (born 1905-1992), Nancy Mavis (1908-1992 Mrs Raymond Kitson) and Charles Douglas (1910-1979). Robert and Charles both served in the Army in World War Two. Clara has a short term of employment at the Education Department as the sewing mistress at Brookside and Koo Wee Rup North, and her appointment ended when John left the Koo Wee Rup North School.  John died in 1962, aged 87 and Clara in 1949, aged 67. They were both cremated at Springvale Botanical Cemetery. (3).


Called Koo Wee Rup South, this is actually the Koo Wee Rup North (Five Mile) School 
in the 1937 flood. 
The Australasian, October 23, 1937. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/141810942


Koo Wee Rup North Hall, 1927
Image: Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society

The Koo Wee Rup North Hall was built in 1910 or 1911. In November 1910 the Shire of Cranbourne received correspondence from Public Health department, submitting plans and specifications regarding proposed public hall at the Five-mile, Kooweerup. The first mention I could find of the use of the hall was in June 1911, but it was most likely opened earlier than that. (4) It has been demolished, maybe in the 1980s. 

Footnotes
(2) The Age May 10, 1909, see here, notes A new Methodist Church is to be erected at Five Mile.
(3) John Robert Donald - Public Records Office of Victoria Teacher records (1863-1959) Series 13579;  Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages; Electoral Rolls on Ancestry; Springvale Botanical Cemetery  https://smct.org.au/our-locations/about-springvale-botanical-cemetery ; WW2 Nominal Rolls https://nominal-rolls.dva.gov.au/ww2
(4) The Argus, June 15, 1910, see here - A new public hall is to be erected at Five mile.  
South Bourke & Mornington Journal, November 10, 1910, see here - Shire of Cranbourne received correspondence from Public Health department, submitting plans and specifications regarding proposed public hall at the Five-mile, Kooweerup. 
The Argus, June 29, 1911, see here, - A public meeting will be held at the Five-mile Hall to consider the best means of preventing a recurrence of the recent floods on the swamp. Messrs W.S. Keast and A. Downward, M.L.A.'s, will address the gathering. 
A report of the meeting can be read  in The Age, June 30, 1911, here.

Monday, April 17, 2023

Koo Wee Rup Fallen Soldiers' Memorial Hospital evacuated in the December 1934 flood

The worst flood in the history of Koo Wee Rup occurred on December 1, 1934 and the Fallen Soldiers' Memorial Hospital had to be evacuated. I was hoping that the local paper, the Koo Wee Rup Sun, which was published weekly, would have had an account of this,  however they did not produce an issue until December 20, 1934. As they reported -
It is rather late for us to have anything to say in regard to the ruinous flood which occurred on the 1st inst., and which day no doubt in the future will be known as “Watery Saturday." We, like all others in the township, came in for more than our share of Adam's ale. The plant was inundated in over 4ft of water; type was carried by the strong current out of open doors, and hardly a dry sheet of paper was available after the bottled-up waters had receded sufficiently on the 3rd inst. to regain admittance. Being prisoners on the roof of the Premises for over 16 hours, one did not care about writing “Sun Spots” (1). 

However, there was this report in The Argus about the evacuation of the Hospital
Koo-wee-rup Hospital was flooded to a depth of 7ft within a few minutes, and the patients, some of whom were seriously ill, were trapped before they could be moved. Mr Clarence Renner, who had undergone an operation for appendicitis a few hours beforehand, was in bed, and unable to help himself. His father, who was on the railway platform, waded and swam through the swirling water to the hospital, and climbed on to the roof, where with the assistance of Mr Gannon, he cut a hole in the galvanised iron and pulled his boy to safety up through the hole. Aided by others who came to the rescue, the 10 remaining patients in the wards were taken out in the same manner.
Heroism and Fortitude
Mrs Mary Ann Bolleman, aged 59 years, another patient, held a baby in her arms above the water for 15 hours with the water surging above her neck before they were rescued. Mrs A. Adams and her baby which was born only the night before were being pulled out when the child was dropped into the water. She grasped the child's clothing frantically and saved it from drifting away. Both were raised through the opening to safety. (2). 


Fallen Soldiers' Memorial Hospital in a flood; must be the 1924 as in 1929, an enclosed verandah was erected around the original building. 
Image: Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society 

The report mentions four people by name and I thought we would look at who they were.
Clarence Fenner
Clarence's surname was listed as Renner in The Argus report, but listed as Clarence Fenner in a Morwell Advertiser report (3) about the evacuation. As I cannot find any reference anywhere to a Clarence Renner, I believe this is actually Clarence Charles Fenner, born February 6, 1919 to Charles Stanley Victor and Esther (nee Burden) Fenner in Frankston, so he would have been about 15 during the flood (4). 

Charles was listed in the Electoral Roll as a contractor and the family were living in Frankston, when Clarence was born. They then spent a few years in Morwell in the early to mid 1920s, where perhaps Charles was employed on State Electricity Commission projects such as the construction of the Yallourn Power Station. The family then moved around various Melbourne suburbs, until the early 1940s when they lived at 30 Sutton Grove in Richmond. Clarence, or Clarrie, as he was called, had three older brothers - Harold, who worked for the Brighton Gasworks Company and tragically died in 1927 when he fell 30 feet whilst constructing a new gasometer; and Stanley and Frank (5). 

Clarrie, whose occupation was a driver, married Evelyn Smith in 1937 and enlisted in the Army in June 1940 and was discharged in October 1945. From the 1960s, the Electoral Rolls show the family was living at 1 Biran Court, in Reservoir. Clarence died March 6, 1999 and is buried at Fawkner Cemetery with his son Brian (1947-2013). His wife Evelyn who died in 1980 is buried in the adjoining grave with their son Stanley (1939-1963) (6). 

Why was Clarrie having an operation at the Koo Wee Rup Hospital in 1934 when, according to the Electoral Rolls, his parents were living in the suburbs of Melbourne? The doctor in Koo Wee Rup was Dr Alan Hewitt and in Lang Lang, Dr Sydney Appleford, so the family may have had a connection to either doctor or there was possibly a family member in the town, who could have visited him, but I don't the reason. I wonder how many times during his life, Clarrie told people the exciting story of being evacuated through the roof at the Koo Wee Rup Hospital? It was very fortunate that Charles Renner and Mr Gannon had the nous and the ability to cut a whole in the roof to enable the rescue of the patients. 

Mr Gannon
Helped Mr Fenner rescue his son through the roof. I can’t find a Gannon listed on the Electoral Rolls in the area during this time, so he remains a mystery.

Mrs Mary Ann Bolleman
Mrs Bolleman, known as Madge, held a baby for 15 hours. We do not know who the baby was.
Mary Ann was born in Glengarry in 1874, the only child Agabus and Sarah (nee McAuley) Barden (7). Agabus, died on August 12, 1903 as a result of an accident whilst riding his horse. Sarah died the next year on July 1, 1904 and she was buried with her husband at the Traralgon Cemetery. 


The death notice of Agabus Barden
Gippsland Farmer's Journal, August 18, 1903 


The obituary of Sarah Barden
Gippsland Farmer's Journal July 5, 1904 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article264512746

On July 10, 1904, just over a week after her mother died, Mary Ann married fellow Gippslander,  George Henry James Bolleman.  The ceremony was conducted by the Methodist Minister in Morwell. They had the following children -
· Melchoir Francois Albert, known as Francis or Frank, born in 1908 in South Melbourne. He died in Dandenong in 1986, aged 74.
· Marie Agnes. Born in 1910, in Foster; married Maxwell Timmins in 1929 and she died in Drouin in 1954, aged 44.
· Florence Mary. Born in 1912 in Leongatha; married Albert Herbert in 1929 and she died in Melbourne in 1946, aged 35.
George Bolleman died in 1918, aged 37 in Pound Creek (near Inverloch), leaving Mary Ann to raise her three young children alone. (8). 
 

Obituary for George Bolleman, Mary Ann’s husband
Powlett Express November 8, 1918 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130666138


Death notice for George Bolleman, Mary Ann’s husband
Great Southern Star December 6, 1918 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article89256304

According to the Electoral Rolls, Mary Ann continued to live in Pound Creek after her husband's death and later at Leongatha. In 1934, she was living in Station Street, Koo Wee Rup. Her two daughters and their husbands were also living in Koo Wee Rup in 1934; son-in-law Maxwell Timmins was a labourer and son-in-law, Albert Herbert a railway employee. Mary Anne was still in Koo Wee Rup in 1937. In the 1942 to 1949 Electoral Rolls she, her son Francis, her daughter Marie, and son-in-law Maxwell, were living in Tooradin (9). 

Mary Anne died at Berrybank, near Lismore (Victoria) on December 29, 1951. It would be interesting to know why she was living there at that time. Her son Francis, was listed as the informant, and his address was Dandenong. Mary Ann was buried in the Lismore Cemetery (10). As with Clarence, I wonder how many times Mary Ann told the story of her rescue from the flood and how she bravely and kindly saved the life of the little baby by keeping them out of the water for fifteen hours. She may well have been too modest to tell anyone. 

Mrs A. Adams and her baby
This took some detective work to work out who this was. I found Albert and Annie (nee Davies) Adams listed in the 1934 Electoral Roll at Dalmore. His occupation was a farmer, so I thought it was a good chance that this was the right family. I put their name into Trove to see what I could find and  discovered this death notice of their son, John Thomas, who sadly died in 1951, aged 25.


Death notice of John Adams
Dandenong Journal, September 19, 1951http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article222354800

The death notice lists John's siblings as - Brenda who married Vivian Powell in 1943; Charlie; Oliver, who enlisted in the Army in 1943 and his birth date is February 15, 1924 (11). The last child listed is Toby, who was at Tooradin North State School in 1946, as the report, below tells us.

Toby Adams at Tooradin North State School
Dandenong Journal, July 3, 1946  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article214794288

The book Tooradin: 125 years of coastal history has a section on local families including the Adams family. Albert Adams served in World War One, and took up a Soldier Settlement farm on Manks Road in 1921. The book lists his children as Brenda, Charlie, Oliver, John and James (Toby). There is also a list of the students of the Tooradin North School and James Percy Adams started in 1939. Given that children started school at around the age of five, that means he was born around 1934, so I felt he would be a likely candidate for the little flood baby (12). 

 I looked on some family trees on Ancestry.com and one lists James Percy Adams, son of Albert and Annie, born at Koo Wee Rup, November 20, 1934. Which means he was ten days old on the day of the flood, which doesn't fit in with The Argus story, of him being born the day before, but it was confusing times, so it is not surprising the dates are a bit inconsistent. The family tree lists his death date of April 28, 2021.
 
Given all this, I believe that the Mrs A. Adams referred to in the article is Mrs Annie Adams of Manks Road, Dalmore and her little baby who was dropped in the water was James, also known as Toby. You can hardly image the horror and panic Mrs Adams must have felt in those few seconds before she regained a hold on her baby. 

Albert Adams passed away December 7, 1956, aged 65 years old and Annie on September 29, 1984 aged 90. They are buried at Cranbourne Cemetery (13). Again, I wonder how often Annie Adams and her son Toby, told the story of their dramatic and in the case of young Toby, his very lucky rescue from the December 1934 flood.
 
Footnotes

(1) The Koo Wee Rup Sun, December 20 1934, p. 4
(2) The Argus, December 3, 1934, see here.
(3) Morwell Advertiser, December 6, 1934, see here.
(4) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages; Date of Birth from World War Two Nominal Rolls, see here.
(5) Electoral Rolls on Ancestry.com; Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages and Tasmanian Archives. Clarrie's brothers -  Harold (1902-1927) was the product  of Esther's first marriage to Robert James Stevenson, but he used the Fenner surname. Then Stanley (1913-1969) and Frank (1915-1982) and Clarrie were the sons of Charles Fenner. The eldest three were born in Tasmania.  Charles Fenner died April 1953, aged 65 and Esther died March 1963, aged 84 - they are buried at Springvale Cemetery. 
Harold Fenner's tragic accident
Morwell Advertiser, May 13, 1927 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65924805


(6) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages, World War Two Nominal Rolls, see here; Fawkner Cemetery is part of the Greater metropolitan Cemeteries Trust and their records are on-line https://www.gmct.com.au/deceased
(7) Information from Mary Anne's marriage certificate.
(8) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages and Mary Anne's marriage certificate.
(9) Electoral Rolls on Ancestry.com
(10) Death Certificate of Mary Ann Bollerman.
(11) Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages, World War Two Nominal Rolls, see here.
(12) Tooradin: 125 years of coastal history - Blind Bight, Cannon's Creek, Sherwood, Tooradin North, Warneet 1875-2000 State school No. 1503 compiled by John Wells and the 'Tooradin Celebrates Together 125 Years of Education Committee' published in 2001.

Saturday, July 24, 2021

Floods and fires in the 1920s and 1930s

The 1920s and 1930s were a time of floods for Koo Wee Rup with major floods in October 1923, August 1924, December 1934, April /May 1935 and October 1937. The August 1924 flood saw two feet of water through the town. The December 1934 floods were devastating, with about six feet of water through the town. The 1935 floods largely affected the surrounding area, rather than the Koo Wee Rup township; for instance, there was two feet of water through the Public Hall at Cora Lynn (it was located in the Recreation Reserve). The 1937 flood once again saw water about two feet deep through the town (1).

It wasn’t just the damage in the towns to houses, but the damage to the surrounding farms with the loss of crops, livestock, fences etc. This is from a report in The Argus of December 6, 1934 - Hundreds of dead cattle and sheep, ruined asparagus and potato crops, grazing lands covered with slime, bridges and plantations swept away, mud inches thick in houses, and business almost at a stand-still in the main street these are some of the impressions received by the Minister in Charge of Sustenance (Dr.Shields) when he visited Koo Wee Rup yesterday…..More than 2,000 carcases including cows, sheep, pigs, goats and poultry have already been disposed of. The carcases have been thrown into the main canal and floated down to Westernport. There are still about 1,000 dead animals in the district but some of these will have to be buried. Once in the Bay the carcasses were devoured by sharks, which were apparently numerous. 

The 1920s and 1930s was also a time of fires and there are many reports of houses and other buildings burning down. This fire situation was exacerbated by the lack of Fire Brigades and an inadequate water supply. Reports of fires in the newspapers often ended with comments such as - As there is no fire fighting apparatus in the town, the blaze could not be checked....Residents who were awakened by the crackling of the flames, which at times shot twenty feet into the air, did what they could, but little could be saved…..the fire quickly gutted the building, while townspeople looked on helplessly without any water supply, with which to combat it (2).

It wasn’t until the 1940s that local Fire Brigades were formed. For instance, Lang Lang in August 1942, Bunyip in October 1942, Koo Wee Rup in November 1943, Bayles in February 1944 and Tooradin in March 1945 (3).

The following are some examples of fires in the local area, including shops, houses, two Halls and two Coffee Palaces (a Coffee Palace originally provided accommodation and meals, like a Hotel, but did not have a liquor licence). 

Koo Wee Rup Sun, Thursday, October 15, 1925 - At about 4.15am last Thursday a number of persons were rudely awakened by an alarm of fire, and on investigating received a shock when they found that the block of wooden buildings in Rossiter street, Koo Wee Rup, occupied by Mr D. Thomson (butcher), Mrs M. Porter (fruiterer), and Mrs J. Byron (small goods) were on fire. It was at once seen that the task of fighting the flames was a hopeless one, but efforts were made with three fire extinguishers to subdue the conflagration, but the fire had too great a hold for these instruments to be of any use. They, however, are credited with the saving of an adjoining brick shop, owned by Mr F. Ellis (draper)…How the fire originated is not known…Mr Thomson did not have time to save anything; Mrs Byron, who does not reside on the premises, also lost everything; while Mrs Potter with assistance was able to rescue some of her furniture and a few bicycles. 

The Age, May 13, 1927 - A disastrous fire occurred on Scanlon's drain, Bayles, last night, an eight-roomed house and contents being entirely destroyed. The tenant, Mr. E. Carter, was the only occupant, the family being away in Melbourne. Mr. Carter retired early and was awakened by the noise of an explosion. He was caught in the centre of the house by a wall of flame and fighting his way through the blinding smoke succeeded in reaching a window, by which he got outside. He had his right hand and arm severely burnt and was singed about the head and face. The house was owned by Mr. D. Duff. Mr Carter lost furniture, clothing, jewellery and valuables valued at £700. 

The Argus April 9, 1929 - A six-roomed house, occupied by Mr. Herbert Smethurst, of Monomeith, was, with the contents, destroyed by fire this morning. Mr. Smethurst had taken milk to the railway station, and his wife was engaged at the front of the house, when she smelt something burning, but, thinking that it was some rubbish, took no notice for a time. When she went to look later the kitchen was in flames, and nothing could be done to save the house. 

Koo Wee Rup Sun, Thursday, June 4, 1931 - Early on Monday morning last, one of the oldest residences in Koo Wee Rup, known as the Koo Wee Rup Coffee Palace, was totally destroyed by fire. It was a 10-roomed wooden building, and was erected by the late Mr O’Riordan, and for several years past has been leased to Mr B. Healy. The first notification of the fire was received by Mr Healy, who was awakened from sleep. He just had time to arouse other members of the family, who escaped with only the clothes they had on. Quickly other persons arrived at the scene, but they were unable to rescue any of the furniture, and to save the building was a hopeless task. A hose belonging to the Shire Council was secured, but difficulty and loss of time was experienced in connecting same to water main….The whole building was demolished in about 25 minutes. 

Dandenong Journal, Thursday, May 4, 1933 - Lang Lang - At 4.30 a.m. on Tuesday, neighbors were aroused by crackling, when it was discovered that the Palace Hotel was in flames. This structure, erected fully 40 years ago, burned rapidly, and the main building was completely destroyed. Fortunately no one was injured, and the wind carried the sparks well away from the two adjacent houses. A commercial traveller, Mr. Houghton, of Melbourne, who was staying overnight, had to scramble down a side verandah post for safety. He lost a coat, vest, a gold watch and chain, and some papers and cheques. The building and stock are partly covered by insurance. From the ashes, it is hoped that, Phoenix-like, a modern structure will arise. Meanwhile Lang Lang has joined the dry area. 


Palace Hotel, Lang Lang, destroyed by fire May 2, 1933. 
The Hotel was originally near the Railway Station. It was rebuilt on McDonalds Track.
Image: Lang Lang & District Historical Society.

The Age, April 29, 1936 - One of the oldest landmarks in Lang Lang, the Railway Coffee Palace (4), owned by Mrs. Jane Pickett, was destroyed in a spectacular early morning fire. The cause was unknown. Mr. Robert Parsons, a boarder at the house, was awakened about 4.30 a.m. by smoke, and found that the main part of the building, comprising the dining room and the kitchen, was ablaze. He quickly awakened the other boarders and the lessees of the coffee palace, Mr. and Mrs. J. Parks, and family. Most of the boarders saved their possessions. Fine work against a fierce blaze was done by Mr. Maynard, who managed to save a little furniture and a few bed clothes. Mr. and Mrs. Parks and family lost all their furniture and nearly all their clothes. Mrs. Parks' personal effects were insured for a small sum. Mrs. Pickett had the building insured. Fortunately, there was no breeze, and this saved the adjoining property. An electric light pole caught fire and the town was temporarily deprived of light. The building, which consisted of about twelve rooms, was completely gutted in about forty minutes, only the chimneys being left standing. Mrs. Parks has been lessee of the coffee palace for approximately eighteen months. Residents who were awakened by the crackling of the flames, which at times shot twenty feet into the air, did what they could, but little could be saved. 

The Age, April 16, 1937 - The Garfield Public hall and contents were totally destroyed by fire at an early hour this Morning. The previous night the hall was used for a social evening, and when the place was locked up for the night everything was apparently safe. The outbreak occurred at about 1.30 a.m., how the fire originated is a mystery. When residents arrived on the scene it was impossible to save anything. The building was insured for £400, and contents for £100. Read more on the Garfield Hall, here.

Weekly Times, June 19, 1937 -Three thousand books, forming one of the most comprehensive country libraries in Victoria, were burnt in a fire which destroyed the 75-year-old Tooradin Mechanics' Institute building. Blazing fiercely when first discovered at 4.30 am., the fire quickly gutted the building, while townspeople looked on helplessly without any water supply, with which to combat it. Insured for £1000, the building contained the library, a hall and supper room. All the furniture, including a piano, was destroyed. At midnight, when members of the local table tennis club left the hall, everything appeared to be safe. Koo Wee Rup police are investigating the fire, the cause of which is unknown. As the institute was 50 yards from the nearest building, other premises were not endangered. 


Tooradin Mechanics' Institute and Library, destroyed by fire June 15, 1937.
Image: Tooradin 125 years of Coastal History, published 2001.

These accounts of fire are all unfortunate events, none of which thankfully resulted in a loss of life, but perhaps the most unfortunate example I could find was that of Mr Gilchrist, who suffered from a flood and a fire.

The Argus,  December 5, 1934 - After having lost most of his large herd of cows in the flood, Mr. A. J. Gilchrist, dairy farmer, of Koo Wee Rup, lost his house by fire yesterday. Yesterday Mr. Gilchrist began to clean his home, which is near the township. He lit a large fire in the kitchen and placed clothing, blankets, and rugs to dry in front of it. He and other members of his family then left to search for survivors of the herd of cows. When they returned they found the house in flames. Yesterday afternoon Mr. Gilchrist and his family went to Dandenong, where they will stay with friends. The Herald of December 4, 1934 had a similar report but also said hundreds of homeless townspeople camped at the railway station looked on, powerless to fight the 30ft flames which cast a lurid light on the flooded streets.

Trove list - All the  articles, plus some others, are on my Trove list. Access it here. The only exception are the two articles from the Koo Wee Rup Sun, which is not on Trove apart from a few months of 1918.

Footnotes
(1) If you want to read a good history of the drainage of the Koo Wee Rup Swamp then read this - From Swampland to Farmland: a history of the Koo Wee Rup Flood Protection District by David Roberts. (Rural Water Commission, 1985)
(2) Quotes from The Herald, June 1, 1931, see hereThe Age, April 29, 1936, see hereWeekly Times, June 19, 1937, see here.
(3) Fire Brigades -  Lang Lang - Dandenong Journal, August 12, 1942, see here;  Bunyip - Call of the Bunyip: history of Bunyip, Iona and Tonimbuk, 1847-1990 by Denise Nest (Bunyip History Committee, 1990), p. 82;  Koo Wee Rup - I have written about the early years of the Koo Wee Rup Brigade, here; Bayles - Dandenong Journal, February 9, 1944, see here;  Tooradin - Dandenong Journal, March 21, 1945, see here.
(4) Lang Lang Coffee Palace - I was under the impression that the original Coffee Palace was remodelled and extended to form the Palace Hotel, which as we know burnt down in 1933. I am unsure what this Coffee Palace was - were there two in town?  This is what I wrote when I put this post up - but Peter Hayden, Secretary of the Lang Lang & District Historical Society has cleared up the matter in an email he sent me on August 3, 2021 -
  1. The Palace Hotel was originally a single storey building (c early 1890's) that operated as a Coffee Palace. The hotel at that time was the Lang Lang hotel run by John Flintoft, and the Coffee Palace was run by his wife Mary. In 1898 they extended the Coffee Palace and obtained a liquor licence and renamed it the Palace Hotel. The Lang Lang Hotel was then sold to Mr. James Sharp.
  2. The railway Coffee Palace was built by the Picketts at about the same time to cover the need for accommodation for non-drinking travellers. It was located on the corner of Mains Street (Westernport Road) and Roseberry Street, opposite The Park.
  3. There was also another coffee palace in town for many years, I am unable to determine yet the exact dates. It was called the Lang Lang Coffee Palace and was located in Station Street, beside the Butter Factory.  It must have closed some time before 1919 as the building became the home and surgery of Dr. and Mrs. Appleford when they came to town in 1919.

Sunday, October 14, 2018

1934 flood at Koo Wee Rup - photos from The Herald

These photos appeared in The Herald on December 3, 1934. They were given to the Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society by Robert Dusting. You can read all about the 1934 flood, here.


St John the Baptist Catholic Church in Station Street


Rossiter Road and Station Street intersection. The building, top right, is the Wattle Theatre.


Station Street

The Great flood of December 1934

December 1, 1934 was when the largest flood ever to hit Koo-Wee-Rup and surrounding districts  occured.  In October of that year, Koo Wee Rup received over twice its average rain fall. November also had well above average rainfall and heavy rain fell on December 1 across the State. This rainfall caused a flood of over 100,000 megalitres or 40,000 cusecs (cubic feet per second) per day. This was only an estimate because all the gauges were washed away. The entire Swamp was inundated; water was over 6 feet (2 metres) deep in the town of Koo Wee Rup, exacerbated by the fact that the railway embankment held the water in the town; my grandparents house at Cora Lynn had 3½ feet of water through it and according to family legend they spent three days in the roof with a nine, five, three year old and my father who was one at the time. This flood also affected other parts of the State, including Melbourne and over a thousand people were left homeless in Victoria. 

Rossiter Road., Koo Wee Rup. The house, Mallow, was built, c. 1916,  by John Colvin for his daughter Margaret on her marriage to Les O'Riordan. It is now the home of the Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society. 
Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society photo

Here are two eye-witness accounts of the flood.

This account is from More Mickle memories of Koo Wee Rup* by David Mickle.

The average flood in the Koo Wee Rup township had been up to two feet. The State Savings Bank Building Department specified that floor levels in this locality must be 30 inches above the ground.
We had the highest single level house in town and consequently on December 1, 1934 about 8.00am we invited Wally Bethune, his wife and two children to come from their ground level home opposite to our “unsinkable three footer”. Mr Graham and child came to help us but very soon we were sinking too. I waded to a wood shed for a ladder to put through the man-hole in the bathroom ceiling and very soon the Bethunes, Grahams and Mickles – total eleven- were on blankets in the ceiling. The flood would have been four  feet deep outside then and rising fast. The depth was five feet six inches when apparently it managed to cross the railway embankment and stopped rising. This embankment had caused the flood to back up with disastrous results. Here we stayed like many others on and in roofs until boats arrived. From these vantage points we watched cows, sheep , pigs and poultry intermixed with oil drums and trees go by... That afternoon Pomp Colvin came with his boat and took Mr Graham and girl to their house. Nine of us were taken to the Railway Crossing at 10.30am the next day, Sunday, by boat. On the Monday, men only, were allowed back into the town to organise the cleaning up.

This account is from Patsy Adam Smith from her book Hear the train blow**. Her mother was Station Mistress and Post Mistress at Monomeith railway station at this time and her father was a fettler.

At home we were perfectly safe because of the house being off the ground up on the platform. On the second day Mum heard on the radio that homeless people were being brought into the Railway station at Koo Wee Rup. She walked in to help. Where she walked on the five-foot the swirling waters lapped over her shoes, the ballast had been swept away and the sleepers were held up only because they were fastened to the rails. The whole line in parts was swinging…..Dad and other fettlers brought in scores of people who had been cut off on high ground or in the ceilings of their homes. The water had run over the land so suddenly that most people were taken unawares. The Bush Nursing Hospital was caught this way. The fettlers cut through the roof of that building to take out the patients…… Mum, helping patients out of the boat when it reached Koo Wee Rup station found Dad’s coat around an old lady who had only a thin nightdress beneath it

David Roberts in From Swampland to Farmland*** pays tribute to the early pioneers on the Swamp and it is a fitting tribute to our parents and grandparents.

It is interesting to note that the three large floods of 1924, 1934 and 1937, all within a thirteen year time span contributed to the development of a “breed” of people –people who had faced floods and continued to work their land in the belief that they could be beaten and that the good years would outweigh the bad. A certain resilience and tight knit community spirit had grown amongst the people, some of whom were children or grandchildren of the original drain diggers, and like their predecessors they weren’t going to be beaten by the Koo Wee Rup Swamp.

References :
*More Mickle Memories of Koo Wee Rup by David Mickle (The Author, 1987)
**Hear the train blow by Patsy Adam-Smith (Nelson,  1981)
**From Swampland to Farmland: a history of the Koo Wee Rup Flood Protection District by David Roberts. (Rural Water Commission, 1985)

Friday, December 22, 2017

The 1937 flood

It is eighty years since the Koo-Wee-Rup Swamp experienced the second largest flood in its history. The largest flood took place in the first week of December 1934. The 1937 flood hit the area on October 18 and water was 60cm deep in Rossiter Road and Station Street in Koo Wee Rup. The flood peaked at 20,000 cusecs (50,000 megalitres) about half the 1934 flood volume. There had also been a smaller flood of around 10,000 cusecs in April 1935. 


Station Street, Koo Wee Rup October 20, 1937
State Rivers and Water Supply Commission photograph

The 1937 flood was caused by an extraordinary amount of rain over the proceeding few days. The Argus of October 20 1937 had a map showing the rainfall totals of the five days from the 14th to the 18th of October and Dandenong had 532 points (just over 5 inches or 125 ml) and Gembrook had 977 points – close to 10 inches. The Pakenham Gazette reported that Pakenham had over 4 inches at the same time and Pakenham Upper 7.5 inches.  As you would expect, with that amount of rain, parts of Melbourne including the Yarra River and the Patterson River also flooded.

The Koo-Wee-Rup Sun of October 21 1937 reported that the experience of previous floods had taught Swamp settlers the lesson of removing stock and what property that could be shifted to higher levels and this precaution, as far as possible, was taken. Therefore although the body of water was almost as great as the 1934 flood, damage to the above was in no way as large. Crops however suffered in many cases owing to the waters being diverted since then, there were many cases in which settlers fared worse by this deluge. The Koo Wee Rup Sun estimated the damage at £50,000.

The townsfolk placed the blame for the water in Koo Wee Rup squarely on the closure of the openings in the railway embankment which caused the water to be bottled up in the town. They were made even angrier by the fact that this was seen to be the cause of the town being flooded in the 1934 and 1935 floods and there had been no action to rectify the problem. The Koo Wee Rup Defence Corporation was established after the 1937 flood, at a representative meeting of trades people, residents and farmers of the township and district... Nothing but bitterness was expressed at the continued apathy of Government bodies in ignoring all the past representations and in failing to at least take measures to ameliorate the consequences of the disastrous flooding.  The Koo Wee Rup Sun reported that in 1934, the Premier, Mr Dunstan, had promised to go into the question of co-ordination of the Railways and the State Rivers & Water Supply Commission but up to the present had sat idle.




Letter to the Editor of The Argus October 25, 1937

There was a lot of publicity about the effect of the flood in the Koo Wee Rup township but surrounding areas also suffered as testified in this letter to the editor of The Argus on October 25, 1937 signed ‘Also a mug’ from Cora Lynn.  
 It is a cause of annoyance to residents of Cora Lynn and adjoining districts to read in the newspapers, and to hear over the air, the plight of the people of Koo-wee-rup. We are sorry for them, but they have the railway to remove them from the danger zone. They have many more hours of warning than we, with greater facilities for getting away. The water that floods Koo-wee-rup has previously surged over our lands and homes. Long before the flood reaches us in Cora Lynn all means of exodus have been cut off by the flooding of such towns a Vervale, Iona, Tynong, and Garfield for the most part. Cora Lynn is in a very decided depression, and, in my opinion, suffers more than most of the unhappy districts during the awful floods which visit us with monotonous regularity.

Click here to see photos of Cora Lynn in the 1937 flood.

The Age of October 19, 1937 had this report about the effect of the floods in the local area.
The rain continued almost continuously until to-day, when about 4 inches had been registered. At Picnic Point the Tarago River overflowed several properties. At Longwarry it flooded the butter factory to a depth of 4 feet, causing considerable damage to the machinery. Stores had to be removed to the mechanics' hall for safety. North of Garfield, Cannibal Creek over flowed its banks by 5 feet, and properties in this area were flooded. The Ararat Creek between Tynong and Nar Nar Goon became flooded, and there was 3 feet of water on Princes Highway. The
Longwarry-Nar Nar Goon road, which runs parallel to the railway line, was submerged for more than half a mile. The railway embankment and line was washed out for a distance of 26 chains, and the railway service was disorganised. Buses had to run from Nar Nar Goon to Bunyip.
 The main canal fed by Bunyip and Tarago rivers first overflowed its banks at Cora Lynn, but later it overflowed near Long-bridge, between Longwarry and Bunyip. The water is now over the Princes Highway and the the Longwarry-Nar Nar Goon road. Many residents have been compelled to go to Bunyip, as their homes have been flooded. Stock, sheep and pigs, wherever possible, have been removed to higher ground.
At Cora Lynn there is 5 feet of water in the Drouin Co-operative Cheese Factory, and at Keast Hall the water is flowing through the windows. At the railway bridge between Bunyip and Longwarry the river overflowed its banks. The Bunyip show ground is submerged to a depth of 2 to 3 feet, and water is flowing copiously across the old racecourse. The golf links is a lake of water. Many residents have water running through their homes and women and children have been removed to places of safety. It is feared that if the rain continues throughout the night the record flood of 1934 will be eclipsed.
  
A report in The Age of October 20 said that the ballast that had been washed away from the railway line between Nar Nar Goon and Tynong was replaced the day before and by 10.00am the line was ready for light traffic. The Argus of October 20 reported on the telephone lines The exchange at Iona, near Bunyip, went out of order when flood waters reached the cables. The exchange was in touch with Melbourne, but could not give connection to subscribers. Men were working on the fault last night, and expected to have the lines clear by this morning. All other country exchanges carried on services.



Koo Wee Rup October 19, 1937 - the water tower in the background gives an indication of the location of the photo. 
State Rivers and Water Supply Commission photo


As we saw before there was widespread unhappiness and anger after the 1934 flood and, as a result, the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission (SRWSC) worked on new drainage plans for the Swamp and these plans became known as the Lupson Report after the complier, E.J Lupson, an Engineer. A Royal Commission was also established in 1936. Its role was to investigate the operation of the SRWSC. The Royal Commission report was critical of the SRWSC’s operation in the Koo-Wee-Rup Flood Protection District in a number of areas and it ordered that new plans for drainage improvements needed to be established and presented to an independent authority. Mr E. G Richie was appointed as the independent authority. The Richie Report essentially considered that the Lupson Report was “sound and well considered” and should be implemented. Work had just begun on these recommendations when the 1937 flood hit the area

The main recommendation of the Lupson / Ritchie report was the construction of the Yallock outfall drain from Cora Lynn, cutting across to Bayles and then essentially following the line of the existing Yallock Creek to Western Port Bay. The aim was to take any flood water directly to the sea so the Main Drain could cope with the remaining water. The Yallock outfall drain was started in 1939 but the works were put on hold during World War Two and not completed until 1956-57. The Yallock outfall drain had been originally designed using the existing farm land as a spillway i.e. the Main Drain would overflow onto existing farmland and then find its own way to the Yallock outfall drain. Local farmers were unhappy at this, as the total designated spillway area was 275 acres. They suggested a spillway or ford be constructed at Cora Lynn so the flood water would divert to the outfall drain over the spillway. The spillway was finally constructed in 1962.