The Nar Nar Goon Mechanics' Institute was officially opened on September 17, 1886. The building was located in Racecourse Road, just to the west of the current Post Office. The South Bourke & Mornington Journal reported on the opening.
NAR NAR GOON MECHANICS' INSTITUTE.
The opening of the above hall took place on Friday evening, 17th inst., by a concert and ball. The hall was festooned with flags and the walls decorated with mountain and coral ferns, intermixed with wild heath, while two mountain ferns stood on each side of the stage. Practically speaking the building presented on Aden like appearance. The Hon. Dr. Dobson, M.L.C,, presided, and in his address said it gave him great pleasure in being able to come before the people of Nar-Nar-Goon, it being portion of his constituency, and he was very pleased to see such a noble edifice raised by the people of the district. The concert, which was a well-arranged one, in which Mr H. Allnut and the Misses Brooks took part, was then proceeded with, and passed off very satisfactorily. At the conclusion the hall was put in order for dancing, which was kept up till a late hour, Mr. McRae acting as M.C.--Mr. McKay gave great satisfaction in conducting the concert. The entertainment as a whole was quite a success, and passed off pleasantly (1).
Advertisement for the opening of the Nar Nar Goon Mechanics' Institute.
From the Dandenong Advertiser, reproduced in Richard Myers' Berwick Mechanic Institute and Free library (2).
In the nineteenth century the term ‘mechanic’ meant artisan or working man. The Mechanics’ Institute movement began in 1800 when Dr George Birkbeck of the Andersonian Institute in Scotland gave a series of lectures to local mechanics. The lectures were free and popular. They led to the formation of the Edinburgh School of Arts (1821) and the London Mechanics’ Institute (1823). The movement spread quickly throughout the British Empire. The first Victorian Mechanics’ Institute was the Melbourne Mechanics’ Institute established in 1839 and renamed The Melbourne Athenaeum in 1873, which continues to operate in its original building on Collins Street. Over a thousand were built in Victoria and over 550 remain today (3). The buildings were essentially a public hall with usually a Library
An early photograph of the Nar Nar Goon Mechanics' Institute
Image courtesy of Jean Chatfield from the booklet produced for the opening of the
Nar Nar Goon Community Centre in March 1980.
In the early days it appears that Mechanics' Institutes had to send in a return to the Government and these returns were published in the annual Statistical Register for the Colony of Victoria compiled from official records in the office of the Government Statist. Nar Nar Goon appears in the 1887, 1889, 1890, 1892 and 1893 editions of the Statistical Registers. The 1887 issue tells us that the building cost £350 to erect and of which £109 came from the Government and £100 from other sources, £209 in total, which meant that £141 pounds was still owing. They had a collection of 200 books and in the first year 700 visits. In 1890 the book stock was listed at 130 and there had been 200 visits. In 1893 the opening hours had declined from daily to 'when books are required'. The book stock had further declined to only 130 volumes and there were only 50 visits (4).
The book In the Wake of the Pack Tracks (5) notes that in 1885 a group of residents formed a trusteeship, borrowed money, and built the front portion of the hall. Because of the land boom collapse and bank failures of the early 1890's Michael O'Brien had to pay off the debt, and the hall became his property. He used it to store grain and chaff which had to be stacked aside when the hall was needed for functions and religious services (6).
In the time that Michael O'Brien owned the building it was called interchangeably the Mechanics' Institute, Mechanics' Hall, the Public Hall and O'Brien's Hall (7) and it was made available for the usual activities held in halls, such as voting in elections and for public meetings. In 1902, for instance, meetings were held throughout the State on the question of parliamentary reform including one at Nar Nar Goon held on April 5 - it was reported on in The Argus (8)
Meeting held at the Nar Nar Goon Mechanics' Institute
Dances and concerts were held there, especially during the First World War to raise funds for patriotic causes and in 1914 it was reported that
A syndicate has been formed at Narnargoon, and during the winter months skating will be indulged in at the Public Hall. A start will be made next Saturday night, April 4th. The price of admission is 6d, skates 6d, and floorage 6d. extra. Mr. F. N. Chatfield is the manager (9). This was roller skating, a popular past-time in those days.
Roller skating at the Nar Nar Goon
Who was the generous Michael O'Brien who owned the Hall? (10)
He was the son of Daniel and Brigid (nee Walsh) O’Brien who built the Limerick Arms Hotel on the corner of Wilson Road and the Gippsland Road (now called the Princes Highway) at Nar Nar Goon in the 1860s. Daniel, Brigid and their one year old daughter, Ellen, had arrived in Melbourne in September 1841 on the ship, the Forth. Also on the same ship were the Dore family - John (c. 1808 - 1895) his wife Betty (nee Elizabeth O'Connor, c. 1808 - 1876) and their children Edward, Thomas, Patrick and Ellen, six more children were born in Victoria. In 1844, John Dore and Michael Hennessey took up the Mount Ararat Run at Nar Nar Goon of 1,900 acres. The partnership existed until 1855. Michael Hennessey then moved to Dandenong and built the Bridge Hotel and later took over the Eumemmerring Hotel. In the 1860s, John Dore purchased the 640 acre Mt Ararat pre-emptive right. He later purchased another 387 acres and his son Thomas 300 acres so they held a total of 1,300 acres. The property was later bisected by the railway line when it was built in 1877.
Back to the O'Briens - Daniel was a builder and the plan was to work in Victoria for four years save enough money and then return home, as it was they never did return to Ireland. The family first went to Waurn Ponds near Geelong where Daniel worked as a builder. They then decided to buy some land - Waurn Ponds being too dry looking they decided to buy in Gippsland and brought a farm called The Swamp at Mt Ararat or Nar Nar Goon. They were perhaps influenced in this decision by the Dores.
The O'Brien's had more eight children in Victoria - Michael James born 1843 at Saltwater; Patrick Francis 1845, Jeremiah Gerald 1846, Johanna Mary 1848, Catherine, 1853 - these four were born when they were at Nar Nar Goon. Bidelia Amelia 1853, Mary Ann 1856 and Daniel 1859 were born in North Melbourne.
Because the children needed an education the O'Briens moved back to town and built a house in North Melbourne so the children could go to school. Daniel was again working as a builder but his business partner stole the proceeds of the business and this forced the family to move back to Nar Nar Goon where they opened the Limerick Arms. This was a success as the Gippsland Road went as far as Sale and there was lots of traffic; it was also a Cobb and Co Coach stop. The hotel also had a reputation for being spotlessly clean and offering good meals. Every six months a Priest would visit, and conduct a mass and also baptise any babies that needed that sacrament. The services were either held at the Limerick Arms or the Dore's House.
The Limerick Arms Hotel, operated by Michael O'Brien's parents.
Image from Solid Bluestone Foundations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick (Penguin 1986)
A succession of tutors were employed by the O'Briens until they settled on Daniel Ahern. The O'Briens and the Dores also built a school on Mt Ararat Creek for their own children and the the neighbouring children and Daniel Ahern was the teacher. Mr Ahern later taught at Eumemmerring State School, later called Hallam State School from 1870 to 1890. Daniel was the father of James Joseph Ahern, Shire of Berwick Secretary from 1906 until 1948. Daniel died in 1886 at the age of 82 and Brigid in 1888 at the age of 77. The Limerick Arms was delicensed in 1908 and the building has been demolished.
Michael, the second child and eldest son of Daniel and Brigid, married Johanna Mulcahy in 1883, the same year he opened the Nar Nar Goon Hotel. He also built the first general store in the town, next to his Hotel. This was the Michael O'Brien who paid out the mortgage on the Hall and still allowed it to be used for public functions. Michael and Johanna had four children - Katherine Mary (1885-1942); Eileen (1887 - 1892); Julia Mary (1889 - 1943), married Keith Joseph Cahir in 1924) and Daniel Francis (1891-1947). Michael O'Brien died on November 6, 1915 at the age of 74, his wife Johanna, having died on March 4, 1914
(11). You can read his informative obituary in the
Dandenong Advertiser,
here. His obituary said that he was a
strenuous worker and had amassed
considerable wealth. A sale of his estate was held on October 31, 1918 and as you can see from the advertisement below, he had extensive land holdings including Hotel, the Hall, the Store, the Blacksmiths, the Post Office, the cattle yards, the racecourse and other farm land.
Sale of Michael O'Brien's Estate
The Shire of Berwick Rate books note that the Hall and the Store were purchased at this sale by John Spencer and his business partner, Ernest Oram, who already operated the Store. In 1920 (12) the Hall was re-purchased by the Community and renovated and it became the Nar Nar Goon Soldiers' Memorial Hall. It was opened on April 22, 1921 and the Honor Board was unveiled at the same function.
The Pakenham Gazette of April 29 1921 had an extensive report on this event, which is transcribed in its entirety here -
Nar Nar
Goon Memorial Hall - Opening
ceremony
Friday last
was a red letter day in the history of Nar Nar Goon, the occasion being the
opening of the Soldiers’ Memorial Hall and the unveiling of an Honor Board.
The young men
of the district were quick to respond to the call of duty during the war period
51 enlisted
and 11 paid the supreme sacrifice – and it was only fitting that the people of
the district should show their appreciation of the gallant services rendered by
the lads on their behalf and on behalf of the Empire as a whole.
During the
past five years the residents have marked their appreciation in various ways –
by farewells to the men who enlisted, by joyous welcomes to those who returned
after taking part in the battle for freedom and liberty, by Red Cross efforts,
and by assistance to the hospitals and rest homes that have been established to
help those men who were disabled in the fight. Generous support has been given
by the residents of the district to every effort put forward, and there has always been a band of
energetic workers ready to help forward every movement initiated.
The war
being over the question of establishing
a suitable memorial in honor of the soldiers was discussed, and it was eventually decided
to purchased the public hall and renovate it. This had been done and Nar Nar
Goon has a hall that any district might justly feel proud of. It is attractive
and well appointed, and on Friday the Australian flag was flying from its
flagstaff.
As anticipated,
the opening ceremony attracted a large attendance and great interest was taken in the proceedings.
Brigadier-General
Grimwade wrote stating that he was sorry that he unable to be present, owing to
a prior engagement. He wished the residents of the district every success. Mr W.F. Startup,
J.P., president of the league, occupied the chair. The school
children marched into the hall to the strains of “Men of Harlech” and
proceedings were then opened with the singing of the National Anthem.
The chairman
said that it was with a feeling of relief to the committee that the time had
arrived for the opening of the hall. The hall was finished in February, and ready
for the opening ceremony, but the delay had been caused in connection with the
Honor Board, which had just come to hand. He said the movement to assist the
solders was started about three years ago, toward the close of 1917. A league
was then formed in Nar Nar Goon to arrange for farewelling and welcoming soldiers
and to assist in settling returned soldiers in the district. In 1918 a public
meeting decided to hand this work over to what was known as the Nar Nar Goon
Soldiers’ League, which was comprised of private citizens who undertook to help
the soldiers. Later on it was recognised that this name gave a wrong impression,
as it was not a soldiers’ league and it was then decided to adopt the present
name Nar Nar Goon Soldiers’ Memorial League.
When the
question of erecting a soldiers’ memorial was first discussed there was a
difference of opinion as to the form it should take. About this time the hall
became available, and it was decided to buy it, renovate it and make it worthy
of the soldiers’ cause. It had been purchased and renovated and was now an
ornament to the town. It could be used by the soldiers and their dependents and
also by members of the general public, and the committee believed that all will
agree that it was a fitting memorial for the soldiers and one that would
compare favourably with memorials erected in other parts of the State.
As regards
the financial position, he pointed out that before the hall was purchased an
allotment of land adjoining was presented to the committee by Miss and Mr O’Brien,
as a site for a memorial, and when it was agreed to buy the hall they
generously allowed their gift to stand. The hall and half an acre of land had
cost £200, and the total outlay for purchase and renovation was approximately
about £640. Against that sum about £380 had been raised, leaving an
overdraft of about £200. The property was not mortgaged,
the amount of the overdraft being guaranteed by 15 or 16 residents. Of the sum
raised £112 had been received in donations. A number of persons in the district
had not given a donation because they had not been asked. To these he wished to
say that either he or their energetic secretary– Mr J.R. Spencer – would be
pleased to receive donations toward this fund.
Mr Frank
Groves, M.L.A., said it gave him great pleasure to be present at the opening of
their memorial hall. They recognised by the remarks of the chairman that the
committee had done large amount of work
and had done it well. It was their duty to stand by the committee, as the
movement could not be made a success without the co-operation of the whole of
the people. All had received a great advantage by the work done by the
soldiers. All had benefitted by their glorious achievements, and it was their
bounden duty to help. The soldiers had laid the foundation stone of new
nation for us but this could only be built up while the Union Jack was flying
over it. Those who thought otherwise were living in a fool’s paradise. It was
necessary that we should be a united nation and any undermining influence must
be stamped out. He appealed to the people to give the committee every
assistance.
The Hon. A.E. Chandler, M.L.C., said the committee had
fixed on an appropriate time for the opening of their hall as the people were
about to commemorate some of the bravest deeds in British history, when some of
our boys scaled the cliffs at Gallipoli. By that act we had lost many of
Australia’s best, and it fell to our duty to see that those they left behind
were properly cared for. Many overlooked the fact that provision had been made
by the Federal government for the education of the children of soldiers who had
fallen. It was up to the people to see that these children got what they were
entitled to. The Australians had proved themselves soldiers and men and had
conquered where others had failed. The speaker then went on to refer to the
need for more population in Australia, and also the need for spending more
money in reproductive works.
Cr Chas.
Pearson congratulated the people of Nar Nar Goon on having such a fine hall. He did not know whether they had
a library, but if not he advised them to get one as quickly as possible. A
library was a great boon in any town, both to young and old. All agreed that
the soldiers had done their work nobly, and we were under a debt of gratitude
to them, as well as to the sailors, the nurses and the great army of workers
who had take their part in the great war.
The
chairman then called on Lieut. Mays to perform the ceremony of unveiling the
Honor Board.
Lieutenant
Mays said this duty was one that most soldiers liked to shirk, if possible. It
was a sad duty but it had to be performed. On the Honor were the names of 51 gallant boys who had left Nar Nar Goon, and of these
11 had failed to return. They were all fine fellows, and the people were proud
to know and live with them, and if needs be to die with them. They had died for the liberty and
Christianity of the British Empire. 60,000 of Australia’s noble dead had given
their lives in Egypt, Mesopotamia or France, and there were memorials all over
the country to perpetuate their memory and brave deeds.
On the 25th
of April, 1915 – a Sunday morning – the cliffs of Gallipoli were scaled, and
not all who went out returned. He extended his deepest sympathy and the
sympathy of the people to the relatives of the fallen – the men who gave of
their best – their all. The people of Nar Nar Goon desired to keep their memory
green, and that was why the hall had been bought, renovated and handed over by
patriotic citizens. The soldiers at
Gallipoli had shown the true fighting spirit and were never down-hearted. They
fought shoulder to shoulder for the British Empire. There was no sectarianism
and there were no political parties; and this was at it should be in Australia.
They fought for the great cause of
freedom. When the Union Jack falls, said the speaker, it will be an end to all
the great ideals of the Commonwealth. Referring to the Honor Board, he said
memorial halls and tablets will decay, the written history of the war may be
destroyed, but the memory of the deeds of our soldiers will live forever.
As the Honor Board was unveiled the audience stood for a minute in silence, with bowed heads. The names on the Board are as follows: -
THOSE WHO RETURNEDAlto, A. (M.M.) / Blackwell, G.D. / Blackwell, R. B. / Cahir, K.J. /Chatfield, F.N. / Castle, W. / Carter, G. / Drummond, W.N. / Edwards, E.S. / Ferguson, A. / Gaskett, A. / Gaskett, W. / Huby, C. / Holcombe, A.J. / Jones, A.A.C. / Kidd, J. / Liston, C. / Lia, M. (M.M.) / Ledger, J. / Moore, W.F. / Madden, F (M.M.) / Matthews, G. / Mortimer, T.E.G. / McCarthy, D. / O’Brien, J.J. / O’Brien, D.F. / Olsen, R.H. / Prior, J.S.G. / Perry, S. / Pettman, T.W. / Rogers, T.A. / Richardson, W.S. / Richardson, H.C. / Reid, K. / Rowe, W. / Startup, R.W. / Warren, R.J. / Wilson, R. (D.C.M.) /White, S. / Wade, A.
THOSE WHO MADE THE SUPREME SACRIFICE
Child, A. / Dore, D.J. / Harris, L. / Lamb, C.H. / Madden, T. / Nash, H. / Ord, A.L. / Olsen, C.C. / Pepper, H.H. / Smith, J.F. / Taylor, W.D.
Mr Fink
returned thanks on behalf of the soldiers for the many kind things said by the
speakers and for the interest generally taken on behalf of the returned men. He said
that some people often criticised the actions of the soldiers, but if they only
thought for a moment of the conditions the men had passed through, both
mentally and physically, while in Egypt and France they would be more sympathetic.
After referring to some of his experiences in France he again thanked all for
their efforts on behalf of the soldiers.
The chairman, in moving a vote of thanks to the speakers,
said he had forgotten to refer to the new piano .This, he said, has been
obtained mainly through the energetic work of Mr W. Kenny and Mr H. Spencer,
jun. By collecting and other efforts they had been able to present the committee
with a piano, with crockery, and also with utensils, the whole costing
considerably over £100. For their good work they were created
life members of the League. Cr Stephenson had also helped them in connection
with the building of the hall, and as he was present he was sure all would be pleased
to hear an address from him.
Cr Stephenson
said he was pleased to be present, and he thanked them for the honor of taking
part in the celebration in connection with their hall. Opinions differed, he
said, as to the form memorials for our soldiers should take. Some favoured
halls others drinking fountains, memorial parks or stones. But to his mind it
did not matter much which form the memorial took – it was the spirit which
prompted the movement. No doubt it was pleasing to returned men to see their
efforts on behalf of the people were greatly appreciated. Referring to the incapacitated
soldiers, especially those who had lost their sight or their limbs, he said
nothing the people could do would compensate them, but it was our duty to see
that they lived in comfort and had all they required. Speaking of their new
hall he said the amount for renovating it might seem large, but they had to take
into consideration the high cost of material. He could assure them that prices in
every instance were cut down to bedrock and that not one penny was wasted in
the work.
Mr R.
Raftis, in seconding the vote of thanks, referred to the good work of the
secretary in arranging for the opening ceremony, and his inability to get the
services of any leading military officer, as all were engaged in connection
with the Anzac celebrations. He also said the committee and people of the
district were under debt of gratitude to Cr Stephenson for the assistance he
had given in connection with the renovation of the hall. Although a busy man he
had found time to come and assist them, and helped to get the building completed
much sooner than it would otherwise have been. All, he said, were delighted
with the hall. He had great pleasure in seconding the vote of thanks.
Mr Groves,
in returning thanks for the speakers, made special reference to the manner in
which Lieutenant Mays had performed his duty of unveiling the Honor Board. He
said the people were more indebted to Mr Mays than they would be to one of the
heads of the military department. He was sure all were greatly pleased with the
way in which he did his work and they appreciated his action of coming forward
at the last moment. At the
close of the proceedings afternoon tea was served by the ladies and was greatly
appreciated.
In the
evening a grand concert was held when there was a crowded hall. A very fine
programme was given by the following artists: - Miss I. Hughson, Miss Emily Mitchell, Miss Ida Mitchell,
Mr Sherwood and Mr W. Mitchell. The
various items were greatly appreciated.,
At the
close an enjoyable dance was held, which also attracted a very large
attendance. Splendid music was rendered by Mr Dug Lancefield, assisted by Mr T. McGrath . Mr W. Kenny was an efficient M.C. The floor was in excellent
order and dancing was kept up to 3 a.m.
The best
thanks are due to the President and committee who had charge of the days arrangements
and to the ladies for their valuable assistance. To the hon. sec. (Mr J.R.
Spencer, J.P.) special thanks are due
for his energetic and untiring work.
I have written about the soldiers on the Nar Nar Goon Honour Board, here.
The Nar Nar Goon Soldiers' Memorial Hall
Image from the Pakenham Gazette, February 2, 1968 courtesy of Jean Chatfield.
The Trustees for the Soldiers' Memorial Hall were John Dore, W. Carney, R. Raftis, C. Davis, John Smith, M. Cunningham and F. Chatfield (13). The last named Trustee, Fred Chatfield began organising dances and Euchre card games to raise money for the Hall in 1923. This money helped fund additions to the Hall such as the Supper room, kitchen and toilets. Like many country dances at the time, whenever a ball or dance was held Euchre was also on offer for the non-dancers. Fred continued to run the Euchre until 1972, when his son John took over. More recently another son Jim, took over the role (14).
Twenty years on in July 1942, the Pakenham Gazette had the headline - Public Halls fall on evil days. Berwick Council considers plan to assist them. The plan was that if the Halls were transferred to the King then the Council would advance the money to pay off any overdraft and to give a yearly grant. The reason many halls were in such dire straits was because revenue had declined due to the War and many functions which were being held were not being charged for. At the meeting -
Cr. Dore asked what would be the position of Nar Nar Goon Soldiers’ Memorial hall under such a scheme. Residents had some years ago bought, renovated and added to the old hall and it was now about out of debt. It was run in conjunction with the Recreation Reserve. Revenue from the hall now was almost nil, as most entertainments were run for patriotic purposes and the present committee had decided that for these the hall should be made available free of charge. However, certain expenses still had to be met, and without some method of financing the hall would slip back into debt. Some residents had collected £20 for the hall funds or it would be more in debt. In response, the Shire President, Cr McBride said he would take the matter up with the Minister for Lands (15). It appears that nothing came of this.
In 1950 the War was still effecting the Nar Nar Goon Hall. They had applied for a new floor but due to shortages of material
the Building Directorate advised that a permit would not be available for the replacement of 1,200 square feet at a cost of £300. It was suggested that work be confined to the expenditure of £150 within the present financial year. Cr. Dore said that he had pointed out to the Directorate that this was the only hall serving the district and that the floor had reached such a stage that it could no longer be used. With no revenue coming in, the committee was at its wits end (16). The Building Directorate was established in October 1945 to control the procurement and allotment of building material and to ensure a balance between the construction of new houses and the construction of infrastructure such as schools, hospitals and factories (17).
The floor was obviously replaced at some time as the Hall was in use for nearly 30 more years. In 1953 it was reported that the Trustees were going to transfer the Hall to the Crown (18). In 1979 the Hall was transferred again, this time to the Pakenham Shire, in exchange for an alternate parcel of land in Spencer Street near the Recreation Reserve. A new Hall (or community centre as they now called) was erected and this building was officially opened by the Governor of Victoria, Sir Henry Winneke on March 29, 1980. The old Hall, which had served the Nar Nar Goon community for 94 years was demolished and the land sold (19).
The old Nar Nar Goon hall features as a mural on the Community Centre.
AcknowledgmentThank you to Mrs Jean Chatfield, of Nar Nar Goon, for supplying some of this information as well as some very useful documents including copies of an article on the history of the Hall which appeared in the Pakenham Gazette on February 2, 1968 and the booklet produced for the opening of the Community Centre in March 1980.
Trove list - I have created a list of articles on the Nar Nar Goon Mechanics' Institute / Memorial Hall, you can access it
here.
Footnotes
(1)
South Bourke & Mornington Journal, September 29 1886, see
here.
(2) Myers, Richard Berwick Mechanic Institute and Free library (BMI & FL., 1999), p. 81. Thanks to Jean Chatfield for telling me about this advertisement.
(4) Statistical Registers - available
here on the Victorian Government Library Service website. I found out about these Registers from the book
These walls speak volumes: a history of Mechanics' Institutes in Victoria by Pam Baragwanath and Ken James (published by the authors in 2015)
(5) In the Wake of the Pack Tracks: a history of the Shire of Berwick (Berwick Pakenham Historical Society, 1992)
(6) Ibid. pp 137-128.
(7) See my Trove list,
here, for examples.
(8)
The Argus, April 9, 1902, see
here.
(9)
Bunyip Free Press, April 2 1914, see
here.
(10) The information about the O'Brien family comes from
Early Settlers of the Casey Cardinia District by the Narre Warren & District Family History Group, published 2010
From Bullock Tracks to Bitumen: a brief history of the Shire of Berwick (Historical Society of the Berwick Shire, 1962)
Solid Bluestone Foundations and other memories of a Melbourne girlhood, 1908-1928 by Kathleen Fitzpatrick (Penguin 1986). Kathleen Fitzpatrick was the great grand-daughter of Daniel and Brigid O'Brien.
(11) Information on Michael O'Brien's family comes from the Indexes to the Victorian Births, Deaths and Marriages; Michael's death notice in
The Argus, November 8, 1915, see
here; Johanna's death notice in
The Age, March 6, 1914, see
here.
(12) The Shire of Berwick rate books show that Spencer & Oram owned the Hall in 1919/1920. The Local Government year (and thus the Rate books) used to run from October to September, so we know they owned it until at least September 1920. As it was opened as Mechanics' Institute April 1921, I am assuming the sale took place in the last 3 months of 1920 or the first three months of 1921.
(13) The Trustees list is from the Pakenham Gazette of February 2, 1968
(14) Information supplied by Jean Chatfield.
(15)
Dandenong Journal, July 22 1942, see
here.
(16)
Dandenong Journal, January 11, 1950, see
here.
(17) Building Directorate -
The Age, October 30, 1945, see
here;
The Argus, October 31 1945, see
here and
The Age, February 2, 1946, see
here.
(18)
Dandenong Journal, February 25, 1953, see
here.
(19) Booklet produced for the opening of the Community Centre in March 1980.
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