Garfield Railway Station

I have written before about how the construction of the Sale Railway line was the seminal event in the establishment of the town of Garfield. The Gippsland line to Sale was opened in stages - Sale to Morwell June 1877 (the material for this stage was shipped along the coast to the Port of Sale); Oakleigh to Bunyip October 1877; Moe to Morwell December 1877; Moe to Bunyip March 1878 and the last stretch from South Yarra to Oakleigh in 1879. Originally, the only Stations between Dandenong and Bunyip were Berwick and Pakenham. However a number of timber sidings developed along this line including the Cannibal Creek Siding built in 1885. In May 1886, the Cannibal Creek Post Office was established at the Railway Station and this changed its name to the Garfield Railway Post Office on May 16, 1887. The name Garfield came from the assassinated American President, James Garfield, who was shot July 2, 1881 and died September 19, 1881.

View of the Goods Shed at the Railway station in 1920. The Garfield Hall is in the background.

Berwick Pakenham Historical Society photograph

In the book Rigg of the Railways: Station Masters of the Victorian Railways the author Tom Rigg lists the following Station Masters as having served at Garfield.
McLean, Roderick February 1910 to August 1911
Finnie, Norman July 1912 - August 1917
McCauley, John Alexander June 1918 - March 1920
Lanigan, Patrick September 1919 - February 1919
Mather, James around 1920,1921
Stewart, Francis David March 1920 - September 1921
Lang, Elmo Thomas December 1921 - July 1923
Marks, John Alexander July 1924 - January 1927
Bently, Leslie George December 1926 - June 1928
Callaghan, Henry Richard July 1928 - January 1933
Hosking, Henry Towers January 1933 - September 1937. Due to economic depression wife was caretaker part-time at Garfield.
Smith, Arthur Leslie June 1942 - December 1944
Graham, Norman Joseph December 1944 - December 1954. I couldn’t find anyone listed after 1954, but my mother says that a Mr Tighe was the Station Master around the late 1950s/ early1960s.

This is a view from the Station towards Main Street Garfield - taken in the 1980s.

Image: Shire of Pakenham slide, Casey Cardinia Libraries

Apparently, Station Masters were classified according to the Station to which they were appointed and Garfield (in 1923 at least) was a Class 8 station, as was its neighbours Tynong and Nar Nar Goon. Bunyip was a Class 7 and so must have had more freight and was therefore busier. There are other Railway Station employees listed in various sources prior to 1910 but it does appear that Garfield wasn’t busy enough for a permanent Station Master until then. For instance, in Bill Parrish’s notes on the history of Garfield (held at the Berwick Pakenham Historical Society) he lists James Godfrey as ‘Porter in charge’ at Cannibal Creek siding in October 1885 and he became the Post Master in 1886. The Post Masters and Mistresses at Garfield were all Railway employees until around the end of the First World War, when the Post Office moved from the Railway Station. Bill also lists a Mrs Thomson as being the Station caretaker in 1904.

1965 Garfield Railway Station diagram from www.victorianrailways.net

Over the years, all sorts of produce was loaded at the Garfield Railway Station - livestock, milk and other dairy products (such as cheese from the Cora Lynn factory), chaff and timber. There was a spur line that went off the main line to the Goods Shed and loading area (where the car park is now on the Highway side of the railway line)
 My Dad, Frank Rouse, used to load potatoes there. All potatoes in the 1940s and until 1954 had to be sold through the Potato Board and had to be loaded at a prescribed loading area, in this case Garfield.  They were loaded onto the rail and sent to Spencer Street railway yards where the marketing board had their shed. They were then sold by the Board. If you sold ‘out of the Board’ you were up for massive fines. Farmers were given a quota for the week, for instance seven bags (each bag was 150 lbs or 65 kg, later on they were reduced to 50kgs)  and that was all you were allowed.

The railway trucks could take 12 tons but before they were loaded they had to be inspected by the Potato Inspector, Jack Stalker. Apparently, he was a fan of the VW Beetle, so if you wanted to get your potatoes passed you just talked about VWs or if you told him you were a ‘bit worried about them’, and then he would just pass them. If they weren’t passed then you had to empty the bag, remove the bad ones and re-pack them and re-sew the bag. The farmers had to load the railway trucks themselves and some railway trucks had doors but others were like carts, with a wall about a metre or so high and in this case the bags had to be lifted by hand over the wall and then stacked in the truck. Sometimes the produce just sat there for days before they were picked up. The Potato Board finished in 1954 and after that you could sell them where you wanted. Dad and his brother Jim used Dan Cunningham as an agent and they also later loaded at Nar Nar Goon. If you sold them interstate they could be delivered by truck.

In the 1950s, the line was duplicated from Dandenong to Morwell and also electrified due to need to transport briquettes from Yallourn to Melbourne. In 1954, the electrification process was completed as far as Warragul and it was on July 22 in that year that ‘electric traction’ commenced according to the Victorian Railways Annual Report. Duplication works were completed in stages with the Tynong to Bunyip section opened in August 1956. The Bunyip to Longwarry section still remains unduplicated due to the need to widen the bridge over the Bunyip River. Due to the increased number of trains (it was estimated that briquette transportation would require an additional 20 trains per day, over the existing seven) the level crossing which was basically opposite the Picture Theatre was closed and the overpass was opened in 1953. The Thirteen Mile Road used to continue over the railway line to the goods yards and this was closed perhaps around the same time or maybe earlier.

The Goods Shed was originally built around 1905 and a weigh bridge was erected in 1919. At 2.00pm on Thursday February 21, 1924 the Station was destroyed by fire. The Argus reported that a few milk cans were rescued from the goods shed. A number of parcels, including two bicycles and a perambulator, and a quantity of passengers' luggage, were destroyed, in addition to departmental records. Both the Station and the Goods Shed were rebuilt at the time but they were then demolished some time ago and replaced by the banal and tacky structures that pass for railway architecture today. They were still there in December 1989 - if you want a nostalgic look at them, then check out this website ‘When there were Stations’ - http://www.stationspast.net

Sources:

• Rigg of the Railways: Station Masters of the Victorian Railways by Tom Rigg (published by the author in 2001)
• The Electric Railways of Victoria : a brief  history  of the electrified railway system operated by the Victorian railways 1919 to 1979 by S.E. Dornan and R.H Henderson (Australian Electric Traction Association, 1979)

100 years ago this week - an escaped 'lunatic'

This is an account of the capture of an escaped patient from Mont Park Mental Hospital from the South Bourke and Mornington Journal of April 30, 1914.  The work Lunatic has now gone out of fashion to describe a person who is mentally ill. According to the Oxford Dictionary the word Lunatic comes from the Old French lunatique, from late Latin lunaticus, from Latin luna '‘ moon’ ' (from the belief that changes of the moon caused intermittent insanity).

South Bourke and Mornington Journal of April 30, 1914.

http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper  http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/66185203

Trooper Maher, is Stephen Maher, listed in the 1914, 1919 and 1924 Electoral Rolls as living at Pakenham. His occupation is listed as Constable. His wife was  Bridget Catherine (nee Ryan).   There is an interesting account, below, of Constable Maher having his horse taken from him, sounds like it was a bureaucratic decision made without any consultation - so no change there in 100 years. 

Dandenong Advertiser of May 7 1914

http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper   http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88355315

South Bourke and Mornington Journal of  17 June 17, 1920,

http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article66198261

Stephen and Catherine had ten children, Rosaline (born 1886), Cathleen (1888), Florence Mary (1890), Olive Veronica (1893), Stephen Raymond (1894), John Thomas (1896), Thomas Francis(1899), Daniel Michael (1901) Leonard Joseph (1903) and Mary Monica (1905). Stephen died in 1931 aged 70 and Bridget died in 1939 aged 77

The E.S. & A / ANZ Bank at Garfield

One of the prominent buildings in Main Street of Garfield is the old ANZ Bank building. The bank was built as an E.S. & A. bank and is actually one of the three old E. S & A. banks on the Cardinia Shire Heritage Study. The other two are at Koo Wee Rup (built 1919) and Lang Lang (built 1929).   The Garfield Bank is thought to have been designed by Twentyman & Askew, the same Architects as the Lang Lang bank.

The 1996 Cardinia Shire Heritage Study, which was undertaken by Graeme Butler & Associates, describes the building as a two storey clinker brick and stucco building...with Greek/Georgian revival stylistic treatment including the hipped and tiled roof, Doric order colonettes at the main window opening, saltire cross glazing mullions, expressed voussoirs over the two doorways, smooth rustication in the central window, the 8-panel door pair, the bayed symmetrical elevation and the multi pane glazing. [A saltire cross is an x shaped cross and a voussoir is a wedge-shaped or tapered stone used to construct an arch]

The Bank in 1962. Photograph taken from the Back to Garfield booklet. The back-to was held June 1-4, 1962.

Banking services began in Garfield in 1905 when the London Bank of Australia opened an Agency of the Warragul Branch. This Agency was converted to a Branch soon after. The first manager was Clarence Adeney. So successful was this Branch that in February 1906 an Agency had been established at Koo Wee Rup and by the next year there were Agencies at Iona and Tynong. In July 1908, the Bank began the construction of new premises, which would be the first brick building in the town. This building is now a private house on the corner of Railway Avenue and Garfield Road. The next Manager was Edward Hattersley who was there in 1909, but had left by 1913. William Rupert Aspinall was the next Manager and he left around August 1917, having been shifted to Moama. Hugh Gardner is the next Manager I can trace and he was in Garfield in 1918. Gardner was the manager in 1921 when the London Bank of Australia was taken over by the English, Scottish & Australian Bank Ltd and I believe they used the London Bank premises until the new building was built.

When was this building built? The Heritage Study lists the build date of the bank as 1925, but I am not convinced this is correct and I believe it was more likely around 1931. Firstly, the Shire of Berwick Rate Books had listed the building through the 1920s under the Managers name and then in 1931 it changed to Arthur Nutting, who was shop keeper and also owned other property in the area, so I believe this was the time they built the new premises and sold off their superfluous old premises. Secondly, Bill Parish in his history of Garfield, published in the 1962 ‘back to’ souvenir book says the building was erected in the 1930s.

E.S & A bank advertisement  from the Back to Garfield booklet.

Mr Gardner was at Garfield until around July 1926 when he was promoted to Cheltenham. The staff at the bank presented him with a gold wrist watch and at a ‘public send-off by citizens’ he was presented with a cheque, and gold sovereign case. His wife, Florence, and his two daughters were also presented with gold wrist watches, an extraordinary set of gifts which shows the esteem that Bank Managers were once held in.  His replacement John Jessup only lasted a few years before he was transferred to Dunolly in 1928. The ‘women of Garfield’ presented Mrs Jessup with a handbag as a departure gift.

Mr Jessup’s replacement was Stanley Howell, who was at Garfield until 1935 when he was transferred to Burwood. When Stanley and Margret Howell left Garfield they ‘were entertained and presented with wallet of notes’. Other known staff in the early days was a Mr L.G Evans, accountant, who transferred to Garfield from Dunolly in 1927. Perhaps Mr Evans extolled the virtues of Dunolly to Mr Jessup and that’s why he moved there. Other accountants at the branch were Mr E. Judge who left Garfield for Warragul in 1924. His successor was Mr Pask.

The E.S & A. Bank Ltd merged with the ANZ Bank in 1970. There was an E.S & A. Agency at Cora Lynn, which was staffed about a morning a week and closed in the early 1960s.

The little building to the right of the bridge is the old E.S & A Bank at Cora Lynn, taken October 20, 1937 (State Rivers & Water Supply Commission photograph)

Garfield Rifle club and other local Rifle clubs

The first Rifle Club was established in Victoria as early as 1860 and two years later the Club was holding inter-colonial matches against New South Wales. In 1876, an Australian Rifle Team officially represented Australia overseas, at competitions in Britain and the United States. This was the first team to represent Australia in any sport overseas.

Local Gun Clubs were established from 1891 when a mounted rifle corp was established in Cranbourne. The rifle range at Cranbourne opened in 1894. The Tooradin Rifle Club was established around 1900 and had a rifle range at what is now Rutter Reserve. This club eventually closed, date unknown. In January 1907, the Garfield Rifle Club was formed  - more on this below. A Lang Lang Gun Club was also established in 1907, in the April. The Lang Lang Guardian reported on their first Club activity which was held on May 15, 1907. A pipe, valued at less than £1, was a prize. That was a fairly substantial prize, as around this time the average weekly earnings of clothing factory workers was 1 pound, 2 shillings and for workers in a boot making factory it was 1 pound, 8 shillings. The Tooradin/Koo-Wee-Rup Rifle Club operated from June 1930 until October 1934. A report in the Koo-Wee-Rup Sun of June 12, 1930 reported that the Club had over 130 members.

The Lang Lang Guardian reported that the Garfield Rifle Club was established on Thursday, January 17 1907. The Club was formed with 36 members, with Frederick Edis, a farmer, appointed Secretary. George Ellis, who chaired the meeting, owned the Iona Hotel, where the meeting was held. James Shreive, a farmer of Garfield, moved the motion that the Club be established. That’s all I know about the Club, however Denise Nest, in her book Call of the Bunyip: a history of Bunyip, Iona and Tonimbuk, says that a Bunyip and Garfield Rifle Club was established on March 3, 1900, with E.C Hill as the Chairman (most likely Edward Hill, a farmer of Bunyip South); Captain A’Beckett as the Secretary (William Heywood A’Beckett, farmer of Bunyip) and a Committee consisting of ‘Messrs Archer, Kraft, Campigli, McMenamin and Roffey with 35 other intending members’. These men are George Archer, a storekeeper of Garfield; William George Kraft, owner of the Gippsland Hotel (Top Pub) at Bunyip; James Campigli, was the Station Master at Bunyip from February 1901 to May 1904 but the family had been in Bunyip earlier than that as his son, Donald, was born there in 1896; David McMenamin and John Roffey were both farmers from Bunyip.

Mrs Nest says that the Bunyip and Garfield Rifle Club established a rifle range ‘between Garfield and Bunyip on a closed and unused road with a hill at one end of it’. The book goes onto say that the first social function was held October 1901 and £2 was raised to purchase a Martini-Enfield rifle, which became a trophy for the club. The club was still operating in 1919 but disbanded a few years later. The late Bill Parish, who spent many years researching and writing about the history of Garfield (his papers are now held by the Berwick Pakenham Historical Society) wrote that there was a Rifle Range at Garfield ‘which started on Garfield Road opposite the old State School site extending 1,000 yards to the east across the now Jefferson road’.

Working on the premise that all this information is correct, was there a breakaway group from the Bunyip and Garfield Rifle Club which formed a rival gun club at Garfield in January 1907? Certainly the descriptions of the Rifle ranges seem to indicate that there were two different Ranges. The only other mention I can find (in The Argus) of the Garfield Rifle Club was that in November 1915 it needed to spend £20 in order to put the Range in proper order, however in the same year The Argus reported at least three times on events at the Bunyip Rifle Club, including a report in August about the Bunyip Club having the most successful year in its career. At the time the Club had a credit balance of £22. Apparently before Federation, Rifle clubs were civilian organisations but between 1901 and 1921 they came under Army control. There is a list of grants given to Rifle Clubs in The Argus of December 27, 1907. Each club was granted five shillings for each ‘rifleman qualified as efficient in the musketry course’. Bunyip had 35 members who qualified and so received a grant of 8 pounds 15 shillings. Garfield did not receive any grants.

Other local Rifle Clubs included Nar Nar Goon which was established in 1901.  The article about the grants to rifle clubs also listed clubs at Drouin, Buln Buln and Warragul. It does seem amazing that both Bunyip and Garfield could support a Rifle Club; however in September 1916 Rifle Clubs throughout Australia had 104,184 members of whom at the time 14,499 had enlisted for active service. This meant that around five percent of the total male population of Australia belonged to a Rifle Club, so it was obviously a popular, and during World War One, a patriotic past time. In 1939, Victoria had 313 Rifle Clubs with over 12,200 members, but by then it appears that both the Garfield and Bunyip clubs had disbanded.

The Rouse family buys a car

The first car ever purchased by the Rouse family of Murray Road, Cora Lynn was an Austin A40 ute from Brenchley’s garage in Garfield. This was in 1948. It was dark blue with black guards. Previous to this, the family travelled in a jinker pulled by the ‘white horse’, apparently the only name the animal ever had, or else rode their bikes.  Part of the deal of buying the car was that Mrs Brenchley had to teach nineteen year old Dorothy and seventeen year old Jim how to drive. Frank, who was fifteen, taught himself to drive. Jim could get his licence at seventeen, but by the time Frank was that age, the law had changed so he had to wait until he was eighteen before he could get his licence in December 1951. However, the lack of a licence did not seem to be an obstacle to driving as he used to drive his parents, Joe and Eva, to the Dandenong market where they sold eggs, chooks and calves (all carried on the ute). He also used to drive his eldest sister, Nancy, out to Pakenham Upper on a Monday morning, when she was teaching at the school and pick her up on the Friday afternoon and bring her home.


According to Dad (Frank) the Rouse family were about the last in the area to get a car.  At the time neighbours, Joe and Stella Storey, had a 1930s 4 cylinder Dodge (we think)  with a cloth top; Bill and Rubina Vanstone had an American car, most likely a pre war De Soto, with a gas producer on the back. Dan McMillan had big Ford; Mrs King, who lived on Sinclair Road (as the northern part of Bennett Road used to be known) had a Standard. Dad’s uncle, Frank Weatherhead, who lived on Pitt Road, had an Armstrong Siddley and a 1920s Chev truck. Other cars that Dad remembers from his early years included Norman Kinsella’s 1938 Chev and Mrs Rita Simcock’s late 1940s Chev that she used to deliver the papers and the mail.  She later purchased a VW Beetle to do the mail run.

This ad is  from the Koo-Wee-Rup Sun of January 15, 1950.

Cora Lynn Telephone Exchange

From the Koo-Wee-Rup Sun of June 16, 1954 comes this report about the extended opening hours of the Cora Lynn telephone exchange. No doubt some young people would be surprised to know that you can exist without 24 hours access to phones.

A festival in Koo-Wee Rup 1950s

These are photographs from the Koo-Wee-Rup Swamp Historical Society and show a festival, sometime in the 1950s I presume.

This is the intersection of Station Street and Rossiter Road. The Railway Station is on the left, you can see the elevated water tanks.

Looking west down Station Street, from its intersection with Rossiter Road.  The two storey building at the end of the street is the 1915 Royal Hotel.

Rossiter Road - Phil Colvin is on the penny farthing bicycle. This must be taken from the Wattle Theatre.

Garfield Picture Theatre

The Garfield Picture Theatre was one of the many cinemas constructed during the Australia wide boom in cinema building in the 1920s. It was opened with a Grand Ball on Monday, December 22 1924. An advertisement in the Pakenham Gazette advertised the ball (see left), which was free to all and also advertised Pictures every Saturday night and dancing every Friday night. One of the first films shown was Where the North Begins, a Rin Tin Tin movie.

The theatre was built by Martin O’Donohue. It had a power house at the rear and a 230 volt generator and was thus the first source of electricity in Garfield. This was an interesting situation and in January 1925 the Shire of Berwick received a letter from Martin O’Donohue asking for particulars of size of poles required for street lighting. O’Donohue supplied Garfield with power until SEC power arrived in conjunction with the power supplied to the Tynong Quarry. This was possibly in August 1929. . According to the Shire of Berwick Rate Books in 1924/25, Martin O’Donohue, whose occupation was listed as Hotel keeper, jointly paid the rates on the Garfield Hotel with Margaret and Daniel O’Donohue. Thomas O’Donohue was listed as owning the Hotel. Martin also owned sale yards and the Picture Theatre. He and Margaret also owned two other Garfield lots. Eileen O’Donohue paid rates on a Garage, owned by Thomas. Thomas owned a saddlers shop, a confectionary shop and 155 acres. I am unsure how all these O’Donohues are related and a later source connects Martin O’Donohue to the Club Hotel at Warragul, so by all accounts they were an entrepreneurial family.

Koo-Wee-Rup Swamp Historical society photograph

The theatre was said to seat 800 people and J.Taylor initially leased the theatre from Martin O’Donohue. The Shire of Berwick Rate Books indicate that in 1931 it was sold to Walter Anderson Lawson and Roy Everard Ross of Warragul. They sold it to James Murphy in 1953. Murphy owned the theatre until it closed in the early 1960s.

An article by Gerry Kennedy in Cinema Record, Volume 1, January 1994 (the newsletter of CATHS, the Cinema and Theatre Historical Society www.caths.org .au) has some technical details about the theatre - the bio box was built above the entrance vestibule. To the left of the bio box was the rectifier room and, to the right, the winding room, both with ports to the auditorium. Apparently when the theatre was constructed there was no ceiling which interfered with sound quality and caneite panels were fitted to the walls in 1950s to improve the sound. A 30 foot wide cinemascope screen was installed and the theatre was equipped with R.C.A Star Projectors. Kennedy also writes that the Garfield Theatre re-opened at weekends from 1970 to 1971 and was operated by Dennis Grigg.

Two other Picture Theatres were also built in the 1920s in the area. The Wattle Theatre at Koo-Wee-Rup opened with a grand ball in July 1927 and King’s Picture Theatre at Pakenham opened on September 7, 1927. However even earlier, local residents had been able to view movies at the Pakenham Mechanics’ Institute. Harrington’s Electra Pictures had been shown at the Garfield Hall and Colvin’s Pictures began weekly screenings in September 1922 at the Memorial Hall in Koo-Wee-Rup. Of the three purpose built theatres the Garfield Theatre was by far the most substantial building being constructed of brick. Koo-Wee-Rup has external walls of corrugated iron and Pakenham (which was located roughly opposite the Uniting Church in Main Street and demolished in the 1990s) was made of asbestos cement sheet. Apart from these venues, films were shown at Tynong - there is still a bio box or projection room, which is currently inaccessible, at the Hall. They were also shown at the Bunyip Hall and when the original 1906 Hall was burnt down in March 1940, a ‘picture plant’ was also destroyed.

Garfield Picture Theatre was a great source of entertainment for not only Garfield locals but those further afield. According to Dave Mickle in his book More Mickle Memories of Koo-Wee-Rup the Garfield, Pakenham and Koo-Wee-Rup theatres were in keen competition to provide Saturday night entertainment and an edition of the Koo-Wee-Rup Sun from January 1939 has an advertisement for the three theatres. Mickle also wrote that the ‘talkies’ had arrived at the Garfield Picture Theatre by May 1931, a few months earlier than Koo-Wee-Rup.

My father, Frank Rouse, remembers that at its peak, the Garfield Picture Theatre had shows on Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturday nights. Simcock’s Bedford bus used to travel out to Murray Road, Cora Lynn and surrounding areas on a Saturday night and pick up theatre goers and return them after the show. There was always a rush to get served at Simcock’s milk bar during the intermission.

100 years ago this week - Gay life at Garfield

 100 years ago this week - from the Bunyip Free Press of February 14 2014 , under the headline Gay Life at Garfield there is a report of two men and a woman who were behaving in a disgraceful manner in the Garfield township. The Bunyip Police travelled to Garfield and found that the reports were true, so they arrested John and Elizabeth Fitzgerald and a Mr Moss. The police chartered two vehicles and transported the unsavoury cargo to the Bunyip lock-up.

At a subsequent court appearance, both men were fined £5 or ones month’s imprisonment and the ‘wife’ was fined £2 or a fortnight’s imprisonment.  As the trio were all of the nomad travelling class they couldn’t afford the fine so they were sent to His Majesty’s hominy factory in Melbourne.

 I had never come across the term hominy factory before; it means prison as apparently hominy is a slang word for prison food; hominy being a thin gruel or porridge made from cornmeal.

http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper

100 years ago this week - British Association Football

100 years ago this week - on February 4 1914, the Lang Lang Guardian published this article about forming a league for British Association Football or 'soccer'.  Mr Frank Garwood of Modella wanted to start the League which would cover the area between the two Railway lines - Koo-Wee-Rup to Lang Lang and Garfield to Longwarry.  There was already at least one team practically formed at Modella. Mr Garwood urged anyone interested in playing the English soccer game (NOT rugby) to contact him. 

I have no idea how it went, but I suspect that it was not successful.

http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper

In February 1914 Frank Garwood was appointed the Secretary of the Modella Cricket Club and at the Presentation night on April 15, 1914 he came second in the batting averages. I don't know anything else about him.

100 years ago this week - Yallock Methodist Sunday School Picnic

100 years ago this week, on January 23 1914 the Yallock Methodist Sunday School held their picnic on the Yallock Creek. Mr Reiter provided music from his dulciphone - which I believe is a sort of gramophone and there was a freezer containing ice cream - no doubt appreciated as the heat was rather severe. 

Lang Lang Guardian January 28, 1914, page 3.

trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper

Yallock Methodist Church being moved to Koo-Wee-Rup, 1932

Image: Koo Wee Rup Swamp Historical Society

The Methodist Home Mission Station was opened in Yallock in 1907, with the hall being used for services. The Yallock Methodist Church was opened in 1909, built by Thomas Pretty. In August 1932, it was moved from Yallock to Rossiter Road, Koo-Wee-Rup and used by the Methodists and later the Uniting Church. In 1978 this building was moved to a camp in Grantville and a wooden church, the Narre Warren East Uniting Church, was relocated to the site, it was given a brick veneer and a new hall added and opened on February, 3 1980.

A tramway through the Swamp June 1893

An early account of life on the Koo Wee Rup Swamp from  page three of the Warragul Guardian and Buln Buln and Narracan Shire Advocate from  June 23, 1893, see here. I have transcribed the article.

Those of the unemployed who were sent to work at Koo-Wee-Rup Swamp by the Public Works department some time ago, and who have since obtained 20-acre blocks fronting the Main Drain from the  Lands Department, with the view of cultivating  them and making homes for themselves and their families there, are showing a praiseworthy desire to assist themselves. Each alternate week they devote towards clearing the ti-tree off their blocks, and now they have entered into an arrangement with the Public Works department to construct a tram way from Koo-Wee-Rup Station, on the Great Southern Railway, along the Main Drain to Bunyip Station, on the Gippsland line, a distance of 15 miles. They have formed themselves into a co-operative company, and each man on the settlement is to give one day's work free towards constructing the tramway.

They have also agreed to give a shilling a month for six months towards the purchase of the rails, which are to be supplied by the Government, and each man undertakes to go into the bush and cut 50 sleepers without making any charge. The gauge of the tramway will be 2ft. 8in., and it will be worked by horses. The spongy nature of the country precludes the formation of good roads, and hence the necessity for the tramway. As soon as it is finished they will work it and charge freights according to distance. The Government intend giving the men every encouragement, and an expert in horticulture from the Agricultural Department will shortly visit the settlement and give the men instructions how to plant fruit trees, &c., on their holdings.

Official visit to Koo-Wee-Rup December 1893

This is an interesting account of the early days of Koo Wee Rup Swamp settlement from page six of  The Argus of December 22, 1893, see here. I have transcribed the article.

The Minister of Public Works, Mr Webb, paid his first official visit yesterday to the drainage works and village settlement in connection with the Koo-Wee-Rup Swamp. He was accompanied by Mr Methven and Mr Winter M.L.A’s; Mr Davidson, Inspector General of Public Works and Mr Catani, the engineer in charge of the drainage works. At the Bunyip end of the Main Drain the prospects of the Village Settlers seem very good, the land being exceptionally rich, though heavily timbered. Very good progress has, in some cases, been made with gardens, and the Government experimental plot, though the results are those of  a few months’ work only, forms a very useful object lesson to those not familiar with the cultivation of the soil. All the fodder grasses as well as Lucerne, maize, mangels [a type of beet, related to silverbeet and beetroot], flax, hemp, beet and vegetables of many varieties were growing splendidly, though the land, cropped for the first time has hardly lost its sourness. Early potatoes especially give a splendid crop. 

There can be no doubt as to the value of this Bunyip land eventually, but the clearing is heavy work, and though there is an impression in Parliament at one time that 20 acres was too large a block here, a visit to the spot shows that by the time the land has been brought into proper cultivation the new home will be well earned. A wooden tram has been laid down for the carriage of goods and this worked on co-operative principles, has already paid a dividend. There were a great many children running about idle in the settlement and the school, for which residents are still pressing, is badly needed. 

The principle of a fortnight’s work on the Swamp and a fortnight on their own land works admirably and a vast improvement is manifest since May, when the first settlers were just building their huts and not a tree had been cut. The Department consider that they will be able to provide work on those lines for the next tree years and by that time the settlers at the Bunyip end at any rate will be in a position to get a profit from their blocks.

Travelling down towards Koo-Wee-Rup the land is not nearly so good. The clay is at too great a depth and the surface is soft and peaty, so that now, even in dry weather a horse cannot leave the beaten track or he is at once bogged in the soft soil. The Minister and members saw for the first time a sled for dragging up scrub by the roots at work, but though it has achieved good results on sounder land, the soil was too soft here for a team of 18 bullocks to do much good. It would appear as though the cost of clearing here and getting land ready for grass even has been somewhat under-estimated. The bullocks in this case were, however, new to the work, and much more better results are obtained when they become accustomed to sinking in the treacherous soil. Most of the ti-tree has been burned off, but the thick network of roots and short stumps remain, making it almost impassable. Most of the settlers at the Koo-Wee-Rup end of the drain are making gardens, but the results are not quite so good as at the other end, through the land apparently being more sour. 

The first steps towards building a second school here are being taken. By-and-by a tramway will run the whole length of the Main Drain from Bunyip to Koo-Wee-Rup, but at present there is a gap of several miles in the middle of it. Mr Webb was not at all impressed with this end of the Swamp and to anyone acquainted with the difficulties of clearing scrub lands; it was obvious that with hand labour only it is a slow and toilsome task. The Minister was inclined to think that the same amount of work given to the founding of a home in the northern irrigable lands would give a better result in quicker time. All, or nearly all, the men settled in the Swamp at present are married men with large families, who prior to coming here were barely able to keep body and soul together.

First land sales in Garfield 1887 and the Pasquan family

On November 29, 1887 at 2.00pm a sale of township allotments in Garfield took place at the Auction rooms of Munro and Baillieu, 40 Collins Street, Melbourne.  Some of the blocks were 'improved' and some 'unimproved.'

Advertisement for the sale of Garfield Township lots

 The Argus, November 29, 1887  http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article7918862

The ‘upset’ price was £10 per foot and the purchaser also had to pay survey costs. These allotments were south of the Railway line, running from just west of Thirteen Mile Road to the Fourteen Mile Road.  

Garfield Township plan

Public Records Office of Victoria

 https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/983EBAF3-F3FB-11EA-BE8C-BD2C6DFA967C 

The Garfield Township Plan shows us that the purchasers at this first land sale were -  

Lot 1 - G. Sweet 

Lot 2 - F. Steed

Lots 3 & 18 - M. Ryan

Lot 4 - W. Harnwell

Lots 5, 8 & 15 - M. Hood

Lots 6 & 11 - A. Ritchie 

Lot 7 - A.E Biggs

Lot 9 -  J.W Borland

Lots 10 & 16 - M. Pasquan

Lot 12 -  M.I Jones

Lot 13 - W.M.K Vale

Lot 14 – J. Pearson

Lot 15a – Reserved for Police purposes

Lot 17 - F.G Hartley 

Lot 19 - A.E Dangerfield.  

In the 1889/1890 Shire of Berwick Rate books, the first year the properties were listed there, we find the ownership of some blocks had already changed hands. I have also listed the Net Annual Value (NAV).   

Lot 1 & 2 - Martin Ryan. Occupation - publican. NAV £10.

Lots 3, 8, 13 & 15 - Martin Hood. NAV £20.

Lot 4, 5, 9, 16 & 17  -  Owner - no names listed. NAV £25.

Lots 6 - Adam Ritchie. Occupation - carrier. NAV £12.

Lot 7 -  William Biggs. NAV £8.

Lot 10 -  Mrs M. Pasquan. NAV £8. 

Lot 11 - William Travers; Rated paid by Robert Amason. NAV £8.

Lot 12 -  Thomas Shipton, tenant. Owner not listed. NAV £8.

Lot 14 – John Pearson. NAV £8.

Lot 15a – Reserved for Police purposes

Lot 18 - Joseph Walker. Occupation: Biscuit maker. NAV £5. 

Lot 19 - A.E. Dangerfield, leased by Michael Lawlor. NAV £8.

Some of the lots, as you can see by the Rate Book entries, above, it appears the Council were not aware of who the owners were. It is possible that they were purchased as a speculative venture and then the owners considered the blocks were not worth paying the rates on. 

I have tried to find out some more information about these original land owners from the Rate Books and other sources, some of whom may have been speculators as they didn’t live locally. Adam Ritchie was a carrier. I assume he was the same Adam Ritchie who was the brother of George and Alexander Ritchie, who owned various parcels of land from Nar Nar Goon to Garfield. His sister, Jane, married Richard Fortune and they lived on Bald Hill Road, Nar Nar Goon. W.M.K Vale is listed as owning not only Lot 13 in Garfield but five different lots in Bunyip. A. E. Dangerfield was an accountant, address Melbourne.  W. Harnwell’s address was in Little Collins Street; Martin Hood is listed as a ‘Gentleman’ and his address is also Melbourne. 

Martin Pasquan, an original land-owner, sadly, died on November 19, 1888 at the age of 45 (1). His wife, Fanny, then took over the ownership of the block, and as she is the first female land owner in Garfield and held the land until 1902, we will have a closer look at her life. Her occupation in the Rate Books was listed as ‘Lady’ which belied her real role in life as a publican running various hotels.

Martin Pasquan had married Fanny Pascoe on February 13, 1874; she was a 21 year old housemaid and he was the 29 year old publican of the Station Hotel in Footscray. Martin had been born in Fiume, Hungary to Cosmo and Matilda (nee Matteo) Pasquan and Fanny had been born in Cornwall, England to William and Eliza (nee Thomas) Pascoe. (2). Fiume is now part of Croatia.

They had already had a child before the marriage, Paulina, who was born in 1872 and died the next year aged only 7 months old. Their other children were Martin, 1875-1878; Cosmo, 1877-1879; Maximillian, born 1879; Roberto 1881-1885; Florinda 1886 - died the same year aged 11 months. (3).  It really was a tragic time for the family - losing five children as infants and then Martin dying so young. 

Martin Pasquan's Albion Hotel, Therry Street Melbourne

State Library of Victoria Image  H32088/121

After Martin left the Station Hotel, he held the licence of the Hotel de Roma on the corner of Brunswick Street and Victoria Parade. The family then moved to the Albion Hotel in Therry Street, Melbourne. The next venture was a restaurant at 148 Little Collins Street, where he supplied between 500 and 600 meals daily. At the time of his death, he was at Pasquan’s Hotel, 60 Bourke Street (4). After his death Fanny took over the licence of their Hotel. (5)

Fanny remarried on July 27, 1889 to Joseph Pasquan. Their marriage certificate lists his age as 30, occupation as a Tobacconist, birth place as Fiume and parents as Martin and Maria Pasquan. (6). Was he Martin's younger brother (there were 16 years age difference) or a cousin or even a nephew? 

Warragul, as it would have looked when Joseph and Fanny Pasquan arrived in 1909, to take over the license of  the Railway Hotel.  

The building on the right is the Orient Hotel; the Railway Hotel is the building in the centre with the two storied verandah and the white horse out the front.

State Library of Victoria Image H33674/13

Joseph and Fanny had one daughter Lorinda (also called Linda), born in 1891. They operated various hotels including the Terminus Hotel in King Street, the Morning Star Hotel in South Yarra, the Commercial Hotel at Wangaratta and in 1909 they took over the Railway Hotel at Warragul (7).  When Fanny Pasquan died on August 21, 1918, at the age of 64, they were at the Parade Hotel in Wellington Street, East Melbourne. Joseph died on August 11, 1935 (8).

Death notice of Fanny Pasquan

The Herald, August 21 1918 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/242737089

Lorinda was a talented singer, who studied singing in Rome under Madame Falchi and was an  exponent of all the graces and characteristics of the old world's artists. (9). There are  frequent newspaper reports of her concert appearances throughout Victoria - Warragul, Donald, Bacchus Marsh, Mornington, Williamstown, Drysdale  and at the Melbourne Town Hall where it was reported that -

Miss Linda Pasquan, who has often delighted Warragul audiences with her singing, was accorded quite a flattering reception at the Melbourne Town Hall recently, at a concert given by the Ragged Boys' Home. It is an honor to be included in a programme performed in the legislative hall of the city, and still more so to receive such a flattering reception and gain an unmistakable encore. (10)

Linda Pasquan's wedding to Thomas Tyrer

Standing: Mrs. Canny (matron of honor), Mr. W. Podmore (best man), Mrs. Tyrer (mother of bridegroom), Bridegroom, Bride, Mr. Pasquan (father of bride), Mr. B. Downing (groomsman), Mrs. L. Jeacle (matron of honor), Mrs. H. Verge. In front—Misses Nina Terdich and Raie Langley (bridesmaids).

Table Talk, December 4, 1919, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146473070

On November 17, 1919 she married Thomas William Tyrer at St Francis' Catholic Church in Melbourne. Table Talk reported that - 

The bride, who was given away by her father, wore a handsome gown of ivory duchesse satin and georgette, trimmed with Limerick lace. The court train was prettily ornamented with shell pink ninon and orange blossom. An exquisite veil of Limerick lace was worn, with a coronet of silver leaves, and she carried a sheaf of water lilies. (11)

Linda Pasquan on her wedding day

Table Talk, December 4, 1919, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146473070

The same month as her marriage, Lorinda  had applied for the licence of the Union Club Hotel in Geelong. After Geelong they had the Terminus Hotel in Tocumwal; then Lorinda held the licence of the  the Club Hotel in Murtoa,  Golf Club Hotel in Lower Plenty and the Pier Hotel in Port Melbourne (12).  From around 1936 to 1945 the Electoral Rolls show that Lorinda and Thomas lived at 78 Victoria Street in Richmond, and his occupation was listed as a watchmaker. Thomas died November 1, 1945 and Lorinda then lived with their two daughters - Yvonne Lillian and Lorinda Patricia -  at 148 Barkers Road, Hawthorn. (13)  Lorinda died on January 26, 1964. (14) Interestingly, young Lorinda, known as Lorrie, was a watchmaker. She was interviewed in The Argus in October 1947, when she was 23 and she said that she had began her apprentice ship with her father and after his death took over his Bridge Road business (15). 

Death notice of Lorinda Tyrer (nee Pasquan)

The Age January 28, 1964 newspapers.com

Back to Maximillian, born in 1879 and the only surviving child of the marriage of Fanny and Martin. In  December 1904,  he married Mary Maddern in Melbourne but it was a short lived marriage as in April 1908 Mary took him to Court suing for maintenance. In her evidence she said that on the day after the marriage he had left and gone to Western Australia where he was until February 1908 when he sent her a telegraph saying meet me at the Ascot Vale Railway Station, prepare for bad news. When they met he said I don’t like you anymore. I like somebody else better. The Court ordered him to pay her 10 shillings per week and they divorced in 1911. (16).  In 1918 when his mother died he was living in Ponsonby, New Zealand, with his wife Ruby May Elizabeth (nee Raymond) whom he married in 1915. He remained in New Zealand where he died in 1953, aged 74. (17).

Even  though Fanny Pasquan never lived in Garfield she deserves to be recognised as the first woman to own land in the town, as a business woman running family hotels and as a woman who overcame the tragic death of five of her children.

Trove list - I have created  a list of articles on Trove connected to the Pasquan family, access it here.

Footnotes

(1) The Argus, November 20, 1888, see here.

(2) Marriage Certificate

(3) Victorian Indexes to the Births, Deaths and Marriages; Family notices see my Trove list. 

(4) Station Hotel, Footscray - Williamstown Advertiser December 18, 1875, see here; Hotel de Roma - The Argus November 22, 1877, see here; Albion Hotel  - The Age September 26, 1878, see here; 148 Little Collins Street - December 19, 1883, see here;  Pasquans Hotel - The Age June 22, 1888, see here

(5) The Argus, November 27, 1888, see here.

(6) Marriage Certificate

(7) Terminus Hotel - The Argus, November 6, 1890, see here; Morning Star Hotel - Prahran Telegraph, April 7, 1900 see here;  Commercial Hotel - North Eastern Ensign, October 27, 1905, see here; Railway Hotel, West Gippsland Gazette, May 18 1909, see here.

(8) The Herald, October 21, 1918, see here; The Argus, August 12 1935, see here.

(9) Punch, July 1, 1909, see here; Geelong Advertiser, March 8, 1920, see here - this article lists her teacher as Madame Palchime of Rome.

(10) West Gippsland Gazette, July 18, 1911, see here.

(11) Table Talk, December 4, 1919, see here.

(12) Union Club Hotel - Geelong Advertiser, November 13 1919 see here; Terminus Hotel - Cobram Courier, January 29, 1925, see here; Club Hotel - Horsham Times April 24, 1925, see here; Golf Club Hotel - listed there in the 1931 Electoral Rolls; Pier Hotel - The Age, January 17, 1933, see here

(13) Electoral Rolls on Ancestry.com

(14) Death notice, The Age, January 28, 1964.

(15) The Argus, November 15, 1947, see here.

(16) The Herald, April 14, 1908, see here;  The Age, August 17, 1911, see here.

(17) New Zealand Birth Deaths and Marriages https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/; 

Address in 1918 - article in the New Zealand Herald, April 25, 1918 on Papers Past    https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers

Hail storms in the local area

Here are some reports of local hail storms in the area over the years. The rain is recorded in points - there is 100 points to the inch; an inch is 25.4 millimetres

From The South Bourke and Mornington Journal September 16, 1903  (see here) 

Iona - At mid-day on Sunday we experienced a severe hailstorm so heavy that the paddocks bore the appearance of being covered with snow.

From The Argus of November 4, 1903 (see here) 
Bunyip - There was a curious hailstorm on Sunday evening. It appeared to come from the north west and the pieces of ice were so large that windows were smashed in all directions. At Kraft’s Hotel [Top Pub] about twenty were broken and the same number at the State School. One of the pieces of ice weighed half a pound. 

The South Bourke and Mornington Journal of November 4, 1903 also reported on this storm (see here)

Iona - Hail stones weighing 8 ounces are not an every day experience or welcome visitors and the damage hail can do young growing crops in a few minutes the settlers of Iona now know to their sorrow. On Sunday afternoon, during the thunder storm which passed over the settlement the elements cannonaded the district with irregular chunks of ice - not proper hail-stones, many weighing as above stated with such force, a strong wind was blowing at the time, as to batter the roofs of the houses in a most incredible manner. All windows facing the north were immediately demolished, and in some cases the hail actually drilled a round hole through the windows without shattering the pane. The crops of onions and potatoes suffered severely. Mr. W. Carey’s best cow was struck by lightning during the storm. The township and school also suffered severely. Miss Bell who was caught in the storm on horseback fainted, but happily help was at hand and a fatal catastrophy [sic] averted. A travelling glazier would do a good trade in the town-ship.

The Argus of October 28, 1911 (see here) reported 

Mr J.A. Kirwan, store keeper at Iona was delivering when he was caught in a hailstorm and the horse, becoming restive, backed into the canal. The horse, vehicle and driver fell over the steep bank into the water. Mr Kirwan escaped with minor injuries.

From The Argus of December 20, 1911 (see here)  

Bunyip - A heavy fall of hail occurred this afternoon. The hail was as large as pigeon eggs and did a great deal of damage to the potato and onion fields and also caused considerable loss to orchardists. 

The Argus of February 19, 1913 (see here)   reported

The heavy hailstorm of Monday afternoon had a disastrous effect on the orchards at North Bunyip and Tonimbuk. Heavy yields were expected from the apple crops, but the hail, which was almost the size of hens eggs, almost cut some of the apples in two

From ‘Nature notes & queries’ column of The Argus of July 30, 1920 (see here) comes this letter from Mr Horatio Weatherhead of Tynong - 

In February 1887 there was a hailstorm at Daylesford, when jagged lumps of ice nearly a foot long and weighing up to 4lb fell. The damage to windows, roofs and crops was considerable but no-one was seriously injured. The hailstorm was referred to at the time as 'falling icebergs.'

(Horatio and his sons moved from Lyonville to Tynong North in 1909)

The Dandenong Journal of July 30, 1931 (see here) reported - 

The football match, Dalmore v. Clyde, which had been eagerly looked forward to was commenced on the new ground in Mr. Croskell’s paddock, on Saturday, but owing to a severe hailstorm was abandoned shortly after half-time. At half-time Dalmore were leading by three goals, which lead Clyde reduced to two points before the game was abandoned. Clyde had a very good chance of winning had the game been played out.

The Herald, of August 16, 1935 (see here) had this thrilling account of a cycle race. The headline was Girl Cyclist sets record through fierce hailstorm -

When Mrs Valda Unthank, the Brunswick cyclist, clipped 17mins. 15sec. off the women's road cycling record over 83 miles from the Prahran Town Hall to Wonthaggi yesterday, she battled through one of the worst storms experienced for many years in South Gippsland. Today, Mrs Unthank's badly swollen left ankle is a legacy of her fight to keep from being blown off the bicycle. "I have never experienced such weather," she said. "I averaged 20 miles an hour until I reached Pakenham, but then I had to contend with a fierce southerly gale, big hailstones and rain. I was blown right off my bicycle many times, and finally had to get off and walk for some distance."

Mrs Unthank's record card checked and signed by the Mayor of Wonthaggi (Cr. S. Fincher, J.P.) is:- Departed Prahran Town Hall, 6.31 a.m. Arrived Dandenong 7.19, Hallam, 7.30, Narrewarren 7.36, Berwick 7.44, Beaconsfield 7.50, Officer 7.56, Pakenham 8.9, Koo-wee-rup 8.50, Lang Lang, 9.20½, Bass Shire 10.30, Bass 11.19, Anderson 11.40, Kilcunda 12.2 p.m„ Wonthaggi 12.34, 45 sec. Time for distance, 6hr. 3min. 45sec. On Tuesday, Mrs Unthank will visit Bairnsdale, where she will establish a

time for women cyclists from Sale to Bairnsdale, a distance of 43 miles.

The Argus of February 24, 1945 (see here) reported -

Hailstones that were found to measure 2 inches in diameter fell during a freak electrical storm that broke over Garfield late yesterday afternoon. In 45 minutes 310 points of rain were recorded. Vegetable crops were swamped, fruit crops ruined by the hail, and some shops in the main street flooded with 2ft of water. The disturbance covered an area of about five miles. The railway line was flooded near Tynong, and the afternoon train from Melbourne was delayed two hours.  

The Weekly Times of February 28, 1945 (see here) had this dramatic report of the same storm - 

Heavy rain in Gippsland - Groceries were washed from shelves into the street from a store at Tynong, Gippsland, when nearly three inches of rain fell in half an hour during an electrical storm on Monday. The rain was so heavy it penetrated the roof of the store. Lightning struck a chimney on a house at Garfield, eight miles away, and sheared it off level with the roof. Bricks crashed on the roof of the building. Others were thrown to the ground several yards away. Heavy hail fell at both towns.

The postmaster at Tynong (Mr A. Besant) had to shovel hail off the roof. At Garfield hail stones as large as marbles smashed windows. Several houses were damaged by water. It was the second severe electrical storm in the district within a week.

On the subject of hail storms, there was a big storm on the evening of Thursday,  January 17, 1963 - two days before day before my aunty was married, so Mum remembers the date clearly. These photographs were taken at Grandmas in Murray Road, Cora Lynn on Friday, January 18th! Almost like snow!

The Age of  January 18, 1963 reported that this hail storm wiped out between  80-90% of the fruit harvest in the  Doncaster orchard district ...  worst hit by the hail storm were the orchardists of the Doncaster, Templestowe, Vermont and Narre Warren orchard areas, who lost their whole year's work and income within minutes....The orchards carpeted with ripped off leaves, butts, bits of fruit and twigs look as if they were blitzed. The Pakenham Gazette of January 25, 1963 noted that the hail belt stretched right through from Narre Warren to Nar Nar Goon North...the three who had suffered most in this area were Mr Albert Warner of Nar Nar Goon North; Mr R Perkins, Nar Nar Goon  North and Mr W. Mann, Pakenham Upper. In each case practically the whole of their crops had been wiped out.

100 years ago this week - Bunyip Court

One hundred years ago, this week in January 1914,  the Bunyip Court had to deal with this case of  bicycle theft. A seventeen year old, William Ayres, was found guilty of stealing a bike from Michael Dineen, of Cora Lynn. He was sentenced to three months in gaol, an extraordinary sentence compared to what he would have got today and, of course, today his name would not be published as he is under 18. 

Bunyip Free Press Jan 8, 1914  

trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper

This article  made me wonder when the Bunyip Court first started - I found this article (below)  in the South Bourke and Mornington Journal of March 22, 1905. The Court first sat in Kraft's Hall, I'm not sure where that was, William Kraft  owned the Gippsland Hotel (the Top Pub) so it may have been connected with that.

South Bourke and Mornington Journal March 22, 1905.

The first sitting of the Bunyip Court was held on March 15 1905. The bench consisted of Mr Cresswell, the Presiding magistrate, and two Justices of the Peace, Ramage and A'Beckett. The first case concerned Myrtle Morris who was charged with having no visible means of support. Myrtle was remanded to Prahran for a further hearing.  The second case involved a twelve year old, John Mannix, who was charged with endangering property by setting fire to some scrub, which destroyed gates and fences.  He was released into the care of his father who entered a recognizance for the boy's future good behaviour. Once again, this article shows how the legal system has changed (for better or worse depending on your view point) a 12 year old would never have his name mentioned in relation to a legal trial today.

You can read more about the Bunyip Court here.